UNIT 2 NOTES: Blood Pressure

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UNIT 2 NOTESBlood Pressure Heart Disorders
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(1) Pulse

• Pressure wave that travels through arteries
• Result of contraction and relaxation of artery
• Pulse Rate should Heart Rate
• Could vary if blood vessel filled with fatty
  deposits or damaged interior walls

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(2) Blood Pressure

• Pressure blood exerts against vessel walls
• Keeps blood circulating
• Ventricles Contract
• Blood forced into arteries
• Arteries expand as blood travels through
• Blood moves high ? low pressure
• Blood continues to move into areas without blood
• Eventually moves back to heart (when heart
  empties out)

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(3) Measuring Blood Pressure

• Systolic Pressure
• Pressure in arteries
• Peak of ventricular contraction
• Diastolic Pressure
• Pressure in ventricles
• Relaxed ventricles
• Measuring Blood Pressure
• Cuff is inflated/tightened until cuff pressure is
  greater than systolic pressure
• Blood flow in arm ceases
• No pulse (heard felt)
• Pressure in cuff is reduced ? listen for pulse
  sounds
• Systolic Blood Pressure first soft tapping
  sounds
• Diastolic Blood Pressure no more tapping
  sounds, constant flow
• Expressed Systolic over Diastolic

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(4) Hypotension

• Low blood pressure
• Systolic 100 and under
• Causes
• Increase in fitness
• Change in body position and circulation of blood
  pressure (sitting ? standing)
• Poor nutrition (decreased viscosity)
• Blood loss

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(5) Hypertension

• High blood pressure
• Systolic 140 and over
• Causes
• Damaged arterial walls
• Fatty deposits
• Increased viscosity of blood
• Increased stress

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(6) Coronary Artery Disease

• Blood vessels fill with fat calcium deposits
• Constricts inner volume of blood vessels
• Severely increases pressure within blood vessels
• Can build up not allow blood flow

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(7) Congenital Heart Defect

• Common in infants
• Causes
• Maternal infection
• Drugs
• Defects
• Valves do not open/close properly
• Septum separating right left side may not be
  complete
• Missing chambers/arteries

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(8) Congestive Heart Failure

• Weaking of heart blood vessels
• Common in older unhealthy individuals
• Pumping efficiency decreased
• Decrease in blood flow
• Decrease in muscle contraction
• Vessels most likely clogged with fat calcium
• Leads to straining of heart muscle
• Damage to vessels ? scar tissue in repair

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(9) Heart Fibrillation

• Rapid uncoordinated shuddering/pulsing of heart
  muscle
• Does not allow for proper pumping of blood
• Major cause of heart attack death in adults
• Tachycardia rapid heart rate
• Brachycardia slowed heart rate

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(10) Thrombus vs. Embolus

• Thrombus ? Clot in wall of blood vessel
• Embolus ? Free Floating Thrombus
• Causes
• Rough blood vessel tissue from burns, ruptures,
  fat.
• Slow blood flow (low levels of activity)
• Aspirin Common over the counter anticoagulant.

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(11) Thrombocytopenia

• (Hemostatic Disorder)
• Low platelet count Slow Clotting Rate
• Typical of bone marrow cancer and/or radiation
  patients.
• Caused by damaged liver ? Cannot make clotting
  factors.

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(12) Hemophilia

• (Hemostatic Disorder)
• Low Clotting Factor Count Slow Clotting Rate
• Either missing Clotting Factor 8 or 9