parasites%20of%20dogs%20and%20cats

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parasites of dogs and cats

• Part 1- The Helminths
  Laboratory Procedures

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Nematodes

• Ancylostoma (Hookworm)
• Dirofilaria immitis (Heartworm)
• Trichuris vulpis (Whipworms)
• Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm)
• Toxocara canis (Roundworm)

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Ancylostoma (hookworm)

• Species include ancylostoma caninum, ancylostoma
  tubeforme, ancylostoma braziliense, and
  uncinararia stenocephala.
• Found throughout world and common in tropical and
  subtropical areas of U.S.
• Can produce severe anemia in animals
• Can produce cutaneous larva migrans in humans
• Diagnosed through fecal observation

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Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm)

• Circulatory nematode
• Found in cats, ferrets, dogs and some humans
• Diagnosed through direct observation of blood for
  microfilaria or through an antigen test
• Can cause congestive heart failure in dogs
• Can cause pulmonary and skin lesions in humans

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Trichuris (Whipworm)

• Found as trichuris vulpis, trichuris campanula,
  and trichuris serrata.
• More common in dogs than cats
• Not zoonotic
• May cause weight loss, diarrhea.

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Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm)

• May cause severe diarrhea, pneumonia and
  dermatitis.
• Can cause diarrhea and illness in human infants.
• Found more commonly in dogs

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Toxocara (Roundworm)

• Found as toxocara canis, toxocara cati, and
  toxascaris leonina.
• Commonly found in dogs and cats, puppies and
  kittens are most susceptible.
• Also referred to as ascarids
• May cause visceral larva migrans in humans
• Larval migration causes liver and lung damage and
  potentially death in young dogs

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Cestodes

• Dipylidium caninum (flea tapeworm)
• Taenia (tapeworm)

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Dipylidium caninum (Flea tapeworm)

• Most common tapeworm found in dogs and cats
• Animal becomes infected by ingesting the
  intermediate host, the flea.
• Can infect humans
• Indicates presence of fleas
• May see on perianal area or can see egg baskets
  on fecal flotation.

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Taenia (Tapeworm)

• Found as taenia pisiformis, taenia hydatigena,
  and taenia ovis.
• Acquired by eating cysticerci in rabbits.

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Trematodes (Flukes)

• Platynosomum fastosum (lizard poisoning fluke of
  cats)
• Nanopyetus salmincola (salmon poisoning fluke of
  dogs)
• Alaria (intestinal flukes of dogs and cats)

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Platynosomum fastosum (Lizard poisoning fluke of
cats)

• Adult flukes of cats inhabit the liver,
  gallbladder, bile ducts, and small intestine.

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Nanophyetus salmincola (Salmon poisoning fluke)

• Vector for Neorickettsia hemintheca, salmon
  poisoning disease in dogs.
• Called Elokomin fluke fever
• Causes hemorrhagic enteritis with generalized
  lymphadenopathy, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy,
  inappetence, fever, and death.
• Found in Pacific Northwest region of North America

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Alaria (intestinal flukes)

• Found throughout the northern half of North
  America
• Mostly nonpathogenic
• Lung migration may cause some damage
• Minor zoonotic potential from larval stages from
  intermediate hosts.

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