??????????? (??) Protein Biosynthesis (Translation) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Title:

??????????? (??) Protein Biosynthesis (Translation)

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Title: Protein Biosynthesis Translation Author: Toshiba Last modified by: Toshiba Created Date: 8/30/2006 3:33:29 AM – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ??????????? (??) Protein Biosynthesis (Translation)


1
???????????(??)Protein Biosynthesis
(Translation)
2
  • ????????(??)
  • ????? 4 ?????????????,??????????????????????20???
    ?????? ?

3
???????Protein Biosynthesis System
? ? ?
4
??????????????
  • ??RNA
  • mRNA(messenger RNA, ??RNA)
  • rRNA(ribosomal RNA, ????RNA)
  • tRNA(transfer RNA, ??RNA)
  • 20????(AA)????
  • ????????,?IF?eIF
  • ATP?GTP?????

5
??????mRNA?????
  • mRNA?????????
  • ????????????????????(cistron)?
  • ?????????????????????,?????mRNA?????????????,?????
    (polycistron) ?
  • ??mRNA????????,?????(single cistron) ?

6
?????????
?????????
? ?
7
  • mRNA???????

mRNA????5??3???,?AUG??,?3???????,?????????????????
????????,???????(triplet coden)?
????(initiation coden) AUG
????(termination coden)
UAA,UAG,UGA
8
?????
? ?
9
  • ?mRNA 5???????AUG?3???????????????,???????????????
    ??????,????????(open reading frame, ORF)?

10
1. ???(commaless)
  • ???????

??????????????????????,????????????
11
  • ??????mRNA???????????????,????????(frameshift
    mutation)?

12
2. ???(degeneracy)
?????,?????????????????,??????2?3?4????6?????????
? ?
13
2. ???(degeneracy)
? ?
14
3. ???(universal)
  • ????????????,????????????
  • ???????,???????????????????
  • ???????????????????????

15
4. ???(wobble)
??????tRNA?????????????mRNA????????????,??????????
????????????,???????
16
????
U
? ?
17
???????????????
tRNA???? ?1??? I U G A C
mRNA??? ?3??? U, C, A A, G U, C U G
18
???????????????
? ?
19
???????????
???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???
S 70S 30S 50S 80S 40S 60S
rRNA 16S-rRNA 5S-rRNA 23S-rRNA 18S-rRNA 28S-rRNA 5S-rRNA 5.8S-rRNA
??? rpS 21? rpL 36? rpS 33? rpL 49?
20
???????
? ?
21
?????????????????
P???? (peptidyl site)
A????? (aminoacyl site)
E???? (exit site)
? ?
22
??tRNA???????
????
????
23
tRNA????????
24
  • ??????

(?)???-tRNA??? (aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase)
25
?????
??? ATP-E ? ???-AMP-E AMP PPi
? ?
26
?????
???-AMP-E tRNA ? ???-tRNA AMP E
? ?
27
tRNA???????
tRNA
ATP
???-tRNA???
28
  • ???-tRNA??????????tRNA????????
  • ???-tRNA?????????(proofreading activity) ?
  • ???-tRNA?????
  • Ala-tRNAAla
  • Ser-tRNASer
  • Met-tRNAMet

29
(?)??????????-tRNA
  • ???? Met-tRNAiMet
  • ???? fMet-tRNAifMet

30
????????? The Process of Protein Biosynthesis

? ? ?
31
??????????5-AUG??,?mRNA??????????????,?????????
?????????
  • ?????(initiation)
  • ?????(elongation)
  • ?????(termination )

32
????????
  • ?mRNA??????-tRNA???????????????????
    (translational initiation complex)?

33
?12-4 ??????????????????
34
(?)?????????????
  • ??????????
  • mRNA????????
  • ?????-tRNA???
  • ??????????

35
1. ??????????
IF-1
IF-3
? ?
36
2. mRNA????????
IF-1
IF-3
? ?
37
S-D??
38
3. ?????tRNA( fMet-tRNAimet )??????
IF-1
IF-3
? ?
39
4. ?????????,???????
IF-2
GTP
Pi
GDP
IF-1
IF-3
? ?
40
IF-2
Pi
-GTP
GDP
IF-3
IF-1
? ?
41
(?)?????????????
  • ??????????
  • ?????-tRNA??
  • mRNA??????????
  • ??????????

42
???????????????
43
????????
  • ???mRNA???????,????????N??C?????,??????????
  • ??????????????????,?????????(ribosomal
    cycle),???????????,??????
  • ??(entrance)
  • ??(peptide bond formation)
  • ??(translocation)

44
  • ????????????????(elongation factor, EF)
  • ????EF-T (EF-Tu, EF-Ts)
  • EF-G
  • ????EF-1 ?EF-2

45
?????????
?????? ???? ????????
EF-Tu ?????-tRNA??A?,????GTP EF-1-a
EF-Ts ???? EF-1-ß?
EFG ??????,??mRNA-??-tRNA?A????P?,????tRNA?? EF-2
46
????(registration)
(?)??
???mRNA?????????,??????-tRNA??????A??
? ?
47
????EF-T????(????)
? ?
48
(No Transcript)
49
GTP
Tu
Ts
Ts
GDP
Tu
GTP
? ?
50
(?)??
?????(transpeptidase)??????????
51
(?)??
  • ????EF-G????( translocase )??,??????1??GTP,???????
    mRNA?3'??? ?

52
fMet
fMet
? ?
53
(No Transcript)
54
(?)????????
????????????????????,??????????????? ??,??????????
E?,??????tRNA???P????
55
?????????
?mRNA????????,???????,?????-tRNA???,mRNA????????,?
????????????
56
??????????????? (release factor, RF)
????????RF-1,RF-2,RF-3 ????????eRF
???????
????????,?RF-1????UAA?UAG?RF-2???UAA?UGA? ???????
???????,??????????????-OH?,????????????
57
??????????
58
RF
? ?
59
??????(polysome)
??????????????
? ?
60
????????????
? ?
61
???????????Posttranslational Processing
Protein Transportation
? ? ?
62
????
  • ????????????????????????,?????????????????????????
    ?????
  • ?????????????
  • ?????????
  • ??????

63
??????????????????
  • ???????????????????,????N??????????,??????????????
    ????????????,??????????????????????????
  • ????,?????????????????????,??????????????
  • ????????????????????,????????????

64
???????????????
  • 1. ???? (molecular chaperon)
  • 2. ???????? (protein disulfide isomerase, PDI)
  • 3. ?-???????? (peptide prolyl cis-trans
    isomerase, PPI)

65
  • ????

??????????????,???????????,??????????????????
1. ?????(heat shock protein, HSP)
HSP70?HSP40?GreE? 2. ???(chaperonins)
GroEL?GroES??
66
????????????????? ???????????,?????????????HSP70
????????????????
67
???????? ????????????????????????????
???GroEL/GroES???????????
68
  • ????????

??????????????????????????????????????,???????????
????
???????????????,????????????????????????????,?????
???????????????
69
  • ?-????????

??????-?????????????????,?????????
??-??????????????????????????
??-??????????????????????,?????????????,??????????
?????????
70
?????????
  • (?)??N????
  • (?)????????
  • (?)????????

71
????????(POMC)?????
72
?????????
  • (?)????
  • (?)????
  • (?)?????????

73
?????????????
????????(protein targeting)
  • ??????????????,???????????????????,???????????????

74
????(signal sequence)
  • ???????????????????,???N?????????,????????????????
    ?,?????????? ?

75
??????????????
?????? ???????
???? ???
?????? ???,C?-Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu-COO-(KDEL??)
????? N?????(2035?????)
??? ?????(-Pro-Pro-Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys-Val-,SV40 T??)
?????? -Ser-Lys-Leu-(PST??)
????? Man-6-P(???-6-??)
76
(?)?????????
?????????????????????????????
  • ???(signal peptide)

?????????N???????????????
77
????????
78
????????????????
? ?
79
(?)??????????
? ?
80
(?)??????????
? ?
81
?????????????Interference Inhibition of
Protein Biosynthesis
? ? ?
82
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ???,????????????????????

???????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????,?????????????????????????
83
  • ???(antibiotics)
  • ??????????????????????
  • ?????
  • ??????????,?????????????,?6-MP?
  • ?????????????????

84
??????
???????????????
??? ??? ???? ??
????(??? ???????) ???????????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????-tRNA?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?EFG-GTP??,?????? ?????????? ???-tRNA???,???????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????
85
?????????
86
????
? ?
87
????????????????
  • ??(toxin)
  • ???(interferon)

88
????(diphtheria toxin)?????
????


89
????????
1. ?????eIF2??????
90
2. ???????RNA??
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