The%20Protestant%20Reformation

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The Protestant Reformation

• A PROTEST against Church Abuses
• and a REFORM movement in the
• Christian Church.

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TermsThe Protestant Reformation

• Martin Luther (1483 1546)
• Indulgences
• Purgatory
• Tetzel
• Wittenburg Castle/Church
• 95 Theses
• Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor)
• The Address to the Christian Nobility
• Peasants Revolt (1524 1525)
• Protestants
• Ulrich Zwingli (1484 1531)

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General Background

• In Medieval times Catholic Christianity
• dominated the lives of people.
• Since most people were uneducated,
• however, their understanding of Christianity
• was often distorted with some superstitions
• and imaginary concepts.
• Fear of damnation in an afterlife was of
• major concern.

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Martin Luther (1483 1546)
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Luther Studied the Bible
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Romans 117

• The just shall live by faith

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University of Wittenburg
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Indulgences

• The church selling indulgences

• A roman catholic indulgence16th century

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Purgatory

• Intermediary point between heaven and hella
  temporary hell
• Once souls repenton to heaven

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Johannes Tetzel
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Tetzel Selling the New Indulgence
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Sales of IndulgencesOnce you hear the moneys
ring, the soul from purgatory is free to spring.

• Fundraiser for the Catholic Church
• Pay for the arts and lavish lifestyles of Church
• leaders
• Reduce / Cancel punishment for sins or
• even future sins
• Ensure admission to Heaven

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Luther Nails His 95 Theses to the Door of the
Wittenburg Church/University
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Holy Roman Emperor

• Charles VHoly Roman Emperor

• Holy Roman Empire

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Luther Refuses to Recant
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Luther Refuses to Recant

• I cannot submit my faith either to the Pope or
  to the Councils, because it is clear as day they
  have frequently erred and contradicted each
  other. Unless therefore, I am convinced by the
  testimony of Scripture . . . I can and will not
  retract . . . Here I stand . . . I can do no
  other. So help me God, Amen!!

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Lutheranism Emerges

• Pope Leo X summons Luther and asks him to
• recant.
• Pope Leo issues a Papal Bull to excommunicate
• Luther.
• Luther founds the Lutheran Church based
• on Justification of Faith

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Luther Kidnapped!!

• Kidnapped for his own safety

• Uses time at Wartburg Castle wisely

• Under the assumed name of Junker George -- began
  to translate the New Testament from Greek to
  German
• Accomplished in only a few weeks

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The Address to the Christian Nobility

• Used to
• Spread his ideas
• Gain support of Christian nobility of Germany
• Reject authority of the pope

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Peasants Revolt (1524 1525)

• Treated badly by German feudal lords
• Resented ALL authoritychurch civil
• More than 100,000 peasants died fighting
• Largest/most widespread uprising until the French
  Revolution in 1789
• Luthers movementstrictly religious
• From this point forward the movement was strictly
  movement

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Ulrich Zwingli (1484 1531)

• Zurich, Switzerland
• Key Doctrine
• Salvation by faith alone.
• No sales of indulgences
• Theocracy in Zurich.

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Foundations for Reform

• Renaissance education which emphasized critical
  thinking.
• Availability of printed books such as the Bible.
• Humanist values and increased focus on this life
  vs. afterlife.

• Abuses of the Church
• Pope Leo Xs lifestyle
• Sales of Indulgences
• Sales of Relics
• Sales of Church Offices

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The English Other Reformations
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TermsThe English Other Reformations

• John Calvin (1509 1564)
• Predestination
• Huguenots (France)
• Henry VIII (England)r. 1509 1547
• Catherine of Aragon
• Anne Boleyn
• Jane Seymour
• Thomas Cromwell (1485 1540)
• Thomas More (1478 1535)
• Dissolution of the Monasteries (1536)
• Edward VI (1537 1553)
• Book of Common Prayer
• Mary I (1516 1558)
• Elizabeth I (1533 1603)

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John Calvin (1509 1564)
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Calvinism

• Geneva, Switzerland
• Key Doctrine
• Predestination a belief that God alone directs
• past, present, future
• Church body regulated behavior drinking,
• gambling, card playing
• France Scotland

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England

• King Henry VIII

• HenrY VIII his six wives

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Catherine of Aragon (1485 1536)
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Anne Boleyn (1507 1536)
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Pope Clement VII
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Thomas CromwellChief Minister (1485 1540)

• Expert at political maneuvering
• Helped Henry create the new church

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Sir Thomas More (1478 1535)Christian Humanist,
Lawyer Statesman

• Opposed Henry Cromwell
• Refused to sign the Act of Supremacy
• Beheaded in 1535

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Edward VI

• Book of Common Prayer

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(Bloody) Mary

• Back to Catholicism

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Elizabeth I

• England becomes truly and forever Protestant

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The Catholic Counter-Reformation
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TermsCatholic Counter-Reformation

• Catholic Counter-Reformation
• Society of JesusJesuits
• Ignatius Loyola
• Council of Trent (1545 1563)
• Inquisitions
• Index of Prohibited Books (1559)
• Spanish Armada
• Peace of Augsburg

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Ignatius Loyola
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Society of Jesus--Jesuits

• Expand and defend the Catholic faith

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Council of Trent (1545 1563)
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The Inquisitions
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Index of Prohibited Books
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Spanish Armada (1588)
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Defeat of the Spanish Armada 1588
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Peace of Augsburg (1555)

• Intended to put an end to religious wars in
  Germany
• The religion of an area depended on the religion
  of the prince