PLP 3104 FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTOMOLOGY

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PLP 3104FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTOMOLOGY
PROF MADYA DR. NUR AZURA BINTI ADAM Ketua Jabatan
Perlindungan Tumbuhan, Tingkat 2, Block E, Tel
0389474922/0193031072 nur_azura_at_upm.edu.my
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TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE ON INSECT

• Miilipede/gonggok is an insect. T/F
• Insect can smell. T/F
• All insects can fly. T/F
• Which one is an insect?

B
A
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TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE ON INSECT

• 5. Name one type of insects legs
• 6. What does it mean by crepuscular insect?
• 7. Insects have 3-5 pairs of legs. T/F
• 8. Does insect has bone? Y/N
• 9. Legs of an insect is located on the abdomen.
  T/F
• 10. What is spermatheca?

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INSECT OVERVIEW THE ENVIRONMENT

• General view of insects
• Why insects is successful
• The importance of insects
• Examples

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WHY STUDY INSECTS??
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• ESTIMATION 2 MILL. ANIMAL SPECIES
• gt70 ARE INSECTS SPECIES

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Why so successful?

• 1) Exoskeleton
• Outside of the body unlike vertebrate
• Gives shape support to soft tissues
• protection from attack or injury
• minimizes the loss of body fluids in both arid
  and freshwater environments (has wax)
• assures mechanical advantage to muscles for
  strength and agility in movement.

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Why so successful?

• 2) small size

33 cm stick insect

• Fairyflies (Hymenoptera Mymaridae)
• no more than 0.139 mm in length. 

goliath beetle 100 g
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Why so successful?

• Being small, exoskeleton also small
• Being big, exosk. must be big HEAVY!!!!!

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• minimal resources needed for survival and
  reproduction

mealybugs
Leafminer
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• Easy to hide from predator
• hide in the cracks of a rock, beneath the bark of
  a tree, behind the petal of a flower

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Mole cricket
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• 3) Flight
• the only invertebrate that can fly
• highly effective mode of escape from predators
• efficient means of transportation, allowing
  populations to expand more quickly into new
  habitats

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• The migratory locust,
• Schistocerca gregaria,
• can fly for up to 9 hours
• without stopping

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• 4) reproductive potential
• Produce large number of eggs
• High fertility (most eggs hatch)
• Short life cycle
• Female have spermatheca for sperm storage
• Asexual reproduction (aphids,thrips,scale
  insects males are absent)

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• 5) metamorphosis
• 86 insect species undergo complete metamorphosis
• immatures and adults (imago) may consume
  different types of food, exploit different
  environmental resources, and even occupy
  different habitats.
• Eg butterfly larva consumes leaves, adult
  comsumes nectar

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• 6) adaptation of appendages
• Various type of mouth(piercing, sucking,chewing)
• Consume various type of food

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THE IMPORTANCE

• 1) PEST of crops/food/other products a
• 2) VECTORS of diseases
• i) Malaria (Anopheles spp., female)- protozoa
  Plasmodium falciparum

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• ii) Dengue Aedes aegypti
• Virus Flavivirus
• Chikungunya Aedes sp.

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• iii) Enteric diseases (Bacterial and viral
  infections of the gastrointestinal tract)
• Eg Cholera, Typhoid Fever
• Usually by housefly fecal contamination of food
  and water
• iv) Sleeping sickness (Africa)
• A bite from Tsetse fly protozoa Trypanosoma
  brucei

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• 3) POLLINATOR for plants

Halictid bee
Honey bee
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• 4) Food source for animals/human
• 5) Decomposers (dung beetle, flies etc.)

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• 6) Bioindicator of stream health
• Dragonfly spp
• 7) Biotic indicator for Forensic Entomology
• Some flies, spp. colonizing human corpse
• 8) Production
• Honey Wax (Apis mellifera)
• Silk (silkworm (Bombyx mori)
• Cochneal (red dye) (Scale insect)
• Shellac (Scale insect)

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• 9) Medical purposes
• Maggots (Diabetic patient)"blow flies
  (Calliphoridae)
• Anticoagulant (Black flies) keep laboratory
  blood specimens from clotting