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Protestant Reformation

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Title: Protestant Reformation


1
Protestant Reformation
2
Reformation
  • Reformation is a movement for religious reform.
  • There were religious and non-religious reasons
    for reform, but they all focused on the Catholic
    Church.

3
Reasons for the Conflict with the Catholic Church
  • Church leaders were corrupt and worldly
  • Church offices were sold
  • Sales of indulgences meant you could pay money
    and have your sins excused
  • Poorly educated priests some were even
    illiterate

4
Non-Religious Reasons
  • Renaissance values of humanism led people to
    question the church
  • The printing press helped spread ideas that
    disagreed with the teachings of the church
  • Powerful monarchies challenged the authority and
    power of the church
  • Kings and Princes were jealous of the Wealth of
    the church
  • People did not want to pay taxes to the church
  • Pope was viewed as a foreign power because he was
    in Rome

5
Martin Luther 1483 1546
  • Former monk and priest
  • Was angered over the sale of indulgences
  • Luther wrote his95 Theses (formal statements)
    and posted them on a church door in Germany
  • He questioned the church and its practices

6
Luthers 95 Theses
  • Salvation is achieved by faith alone
  • The Bible is the only authority for Christian
    life not the church all people could
    communicate directly with God
  • Luthers ideas were published in German and
    spread across Germany
  • Soon others began to accept his ideas and formed
    a separate religious group called the Lutherans
  • Luther refused to recant his ideas and was
    excommunicated (took away his right to be a
    member of the Catholic Church) and later tried
    and declared a heretic (someone who doesnt
    follow the beliefs of the church) and outlaw
  • This was the start of the Protestant
    Reformation!!

7
John Calvin Switzerland
  • Believed everyone is sinful and only God can save
  • Believed in predestination (that God knows if you
    will be saved or not)
  • Those saved were called the elect
  • Believed government should be run by the church
    theocracy
  • Followers were know as Calvinists

8
John Knox Scotland
  • Was a follower of Calvins ideas
  • Helped overthrow Queen Mary of Scotland (a
    Catholic)
  • Set up a theocracy
  • Followers were know as Presbyterians

9
Henry VIII of England
  • Henry broke with the Catholic Church when the
    Pope refused to give him a divorce
  • Created the Church of England with himself as the
    new head of the church
  • Henry took away all Church property
  • Henrys daughter, Elizabeth I, formally set up
    the Church of England, the only legal church in
    England

10
Counter Reformation
  • As a response to the attacks and new religions,
    the Catholic Church decided to reform itself.
    This is called the Counter Reformation.

11
Outcomes of the Reformation Religious and Social
  • Protestant churches grew and new religious groups
    developed
  • Catholic Church became more united
  • Greater emphasis on the role of education in
    promoting religious beliefs

12
Political Effects of Reformation
  • Decline of the Catholic Churchs moral and
    political authority led to greater power of
    monarchs and state power
  • Led to the development of modern nation-states
  • Questioning of beliefs and authority laid the
    groundwork for the Enlightenment

13
Martin Luther
  • Luther's frustration with the selling of
    indulgences led him to write the 95 Theses, which
    were quickly snapped up, translated from Latin
    into German and distributed widely. A copy made
    its way to Rome, and efforts began to convince
    Luther to change his tune. He refused to keep
    silent, however, and in 1521 Pope Leo X formally
    excommunicated Luther from the Catholic Church.
    That same year, Luther again refused to recant
    his writings before the Holy Roman Emperor
    Charles V of Germany, who issued the famous Edict
    of Worms declaring Luther an outlaw and a heretic
    and giving permission for anyone to kill him
    without consequence.
  • Protected by Prince Frederick, Luther began
    working on a German translation of the Bible, a
    task that took 10 years to complete. The term
    "Protestant" first appeared in 1529, when Charles
    V revoked a provision that allowed the ruler of
    each German state to choose whether they would
    enforce the Edict of Worms. A number of princes
    and other supporters of Luther issued a protest,
    declaring that their allegiance to God trumped
    their allegiance to the emperor. They became
    known to their opponents as Protestants
    gradually this name came to apply to all who
    believed the Church should be reformed, even
    those outside Germany. By the time Luther died,
    of natural causes, in 1546, his revolutionary
    beliefs had formed the basis for the Protestant
    Reformation, which would over the next three
    centuries revolutionize Western civilization.
  • Based on the reading above, answer the following
    questions
  • _____1. What caused Luther to write the 95
    Theses?
  • a. Frustration over the sell of indulgences b.
    The Edict of Worms c. The Pope in Rome
  • _____2. Luther was excommunicated in 1521. What
    else happened that same year?
  • He wrote the 95 Theses b. He refused to recant
    his writings c. He died
  • _____3. What year did the term Protestant
    first appear? A. 1521 b. 1529 c. 1546
  • _____4. How did Martin Luther die? A. Natural
    causes b. Beheaded c. In jail
  • _____5. Who issued the Edict of Worms?
  • a. Charles V b. Prince Frederick c.
    Protestant

14
The Legacy of King Henry VII
  • 1509 - Henry VIII, becomes king.
  • 1517 - The Protestant Reformation begins
  • Martin Luther nails his "95 Theses on the
    church door in Germany
  • 1521 - Henry VIII receives the title "Defender of
    the Faith" from Pope Leo X for his opposition to
    Luther
  • 1529 - Henry VIII fails to obtain the Pope's
    consent to divorce from Catherine of Aragon
  • 1533 - Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn and is
    excommunicated by Pope Clement VII
  • 1534 - Act of Supremacy Henry VIII declared
    supreme head of the Church of England
  • 1536 - Anne Boleyn is beheaded because she has
    not had a son
  • Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour
  • 1537 - Jane Seymour dies after the birth of a
    son, the future Edward VI
  • 1540 - Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves Henry
    divorces Anne of Cleves and marries Catherine
    Howard
  • 1542 - Catherine Howard is executed
  • Based on the timeline to the left, answer these
    questions
  • _____1. What year was Henry VIII excommunicated?
  • 1521 b. 1533 c. 1534
  • _____2. How many wives did Henry VIII have?
  • a. 4 b. 5 c. 6
  • _____3. In what year did Henry VIII get married
    twice?
  • 1536 b. 1537 c. 1540
  • _____4. Why was Anne Boleyn beheaded?
  • She could not have a son
  • She was excommunicated
  • She was too powerful
  • _____5. Henry VIII never had a son.
  • True b. False
  • _____6. All of Henry VIIIs wives were beheaded.
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