Limited Monarchy In England

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130
about 1950
England the English ships had more cannons per
ship than did the Spanish
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Limited Monarchy In England

• The Tudors Stuarts

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The House of Tudor (1485-1603)

• Henry VII killed Richard III in the War of the
  Roses (between Lancaster York families)
• Raised lots of money through taxes tight
  spending
• Kept England out of war
• Sent John Cabot to explore N.America

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• Henry VIII
• spent his fathers money on foreign wars
• Parliament passed Act of Supremacy
  (separated Church of England from
  Catholic Church
  b/c he wanted a divorce)
• 6 wives (trying to have a male heir)
• Catherine of Aragon birthed him a daughter (Mary)
  before the divorce
• Anne Boleyn had a daughter (Elizabeth) before
  being beheaded
• Jane Seymour died after giving birth to a son
  (Edward)
• Anne of Cleves was childless divorced her
• Catherine Howard was childless executed
• Catherine Parr childless, but outlived the king
  who died at age 56

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• Edward VI (only son of Henry VIII)
• Protestantism became the
  national religion (short reign)
• Mary I (eldest daughter of Henry VIII)
• Tried to return England to the
  Catholic Church
• Persecuted those opposed to Catholicism over 300
  burned at the stake, including Protestant clergy
• Nicknamed Bloody Mary
• Married Philip II of Spain (to end
  national rivalry), plunged
  England into a
  disastrous war
  with France

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• Elizabeth I (youngest daughter of Henry VIII)
  Good Queen Bess
• Ended war with France restored money
  to English treasury
• Mary, Queen of Scots (next in line for throne)
  plotted to kill Elizabeth
  Elizabeth had Mary
  beheaded
• Phillip II angered by Marys death, sent the
  Spanish Armada to punish England, but English
  ships defeated Invincible Armada (Spanish
  decline after this)
• Golden Age/Renaissance peaked with William
  Shakespeare
• Sent Sir Francis Drake Sir Walter Raleigh in
  search of land riches
• Religious problems Puritans wanted to rid
  church of all Catholic practices
• Relations with Parliament Parliament challenged
  royal power, but Elizabeth managed them skillfully

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The House of Stuart (1603-1715)

• James I
• Son of Mary Queen of Scots, ruled England
  Scotland
• Strong supporter of Anglican Church, but
  persecuted Pilgrims (separatists)
  Puritans (reformists)--they
  leave England for America to worship as they
  please
• King James version of the Bible
• Lacked economic diplomatic skill, so he angered
  Parliament when he tried to establish an absolute
  monarchy (believed in divine right of kings)

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• Charles I
• Disagreed with Parliament about taxes (was a big
  spender, always needed more money)
• Petition of Right Parliament had to approve tax
  increases/tried to protect civil rights of
  citizens
• Disagreements led to civil war
• Charles ignored Petition of Right
• Dismissed Parliament several times
• Supporters of king (Cavaliers) v. supporters of
  Parliament (Roundheads)
• Cavaliers upper class, Anglicans, Catholics
• Roundheads Parliamentary army commanded by
  Oliver Cromwell, Puritans, merchants
• Cromwell took control of government, had Charles
  I beheaded ruled England for 9 years (Puritan
  no drinking, dancing, gambling, etc.)

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• Charles II (son of Charles I)
• Parliament asked him to become king upon
  Cromwells death
• James II wanted to rule as absolute monarch
• Wanted to return England to Roman
  Catholic Church
• Glorious Revolution bloodless revolution that
  made James II flee gave Parliament power to
  establish control over the king pass the
  English Bill of Rights
• Mary II Anne (Protestant daughters of James II)
• Mary II ruled with William of Orange (Dutch)
• Anne reunited England Scotland
  to form Great Britain