Title: ????(Hepatic Encephalopathy/HE)
1????(Hepatic Encephalopathy/HE)
- ???????????????
- ????????
- ??? ?????
2????(Hepatic Encephalopathy/HE)
- ??
- ??????
-
- ????????
- ???????????????
3????(Hepatic Encephalopathy/HE)
- ??
- ???????
- ????(????????????????)
- ???????
- ???????Reye???
- ?????????????????
- ???????????????
4??????
- ???????(A)
- ?????????????(B)
- ????????/?????(C)
5??????(MHE)
- ?????,??????
- ??????????????
- ???????????????????
- ?????????
- ??????????
6????(Hepatic Encephalopathy/HE)
- ????
- ?????????????
- ?
- ?????
- ?
- ??????
- ?
- ????????
7????(Hepatic Encephalopathy/HE)
- ????
- ?????
- ?-????/????(GABA/BZ)?????
- ?,???????????????
- ???????
- ??????????
8????(Hepatic Encephalopathy/HE)
- ??????????
- ? ???????
- ?
- ??
- ??
- ?,?????
- ??????????
- ??????
- GABA
- ?????????
-
9HE????
10HE?????????????????
Gerber et al, Drugs 2000 60 1354
11HE????????????????
- ???????????????
- ??????????
- ??????????????????????
- ??
- ???????????
Blei, Liver Transplantation 2000 6 S14
12HE??????????
Clemmesen et al, Hepatology 1999 29
648 Butterworth, Journal of Hepatology 2000 32
(suppl 1) 171
13HE??????????
- ??
- ??Na /K ATP? ,??????
- Cause fetor hepaticus
- ??
- ?????,?????????
- ????????
- ?????????,???????
- ??Na /K ATP???????
- ??????????
Weissenborn, Ballieres Clin Gastroenterol 1992
6 609
14 HE???? ?????????????????
?????????(??)
???????????(??????)
? ????,??????????,?????????
15HE?????????????
- ?????????
- ???,????????????
- ????????
Gerber et al, Drugs 2000 60 1354
16HE??????????????
- ???????????
- ?????????????????????
- ??????????????
- ???????????????
- ???????????????????
James, The American Journal of Surgery 2002 183
424
17HE??????????
????????
??????
?????
?????
? ?
??ß???
????
??,????(?????,1/10??)
???
??????????
??????
??????
??????
18 HE??????????
?????? ????? ? ?????
??? ??? Tyramine
?????? Octopamine
???? Phenethyamine
Phenylethanolamine
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) ??? (?) Tryptamine
Histamine ???
James, The American Journal of Surgery 2002 183
424
19HE??????????(GABA)????
- GABA????????????
- GABA?????????
- ??????
- ????
- GABA/BZ???(GABA??)
- GABA??????????
- ?????HE????
Jones, Pathophysiology of Liver Disease 2000 4
467
20HE??????????????
- ? ??????(AAA)?? ??????
- ? ?????(BCAA)???????5-???
- ? BCAA/AAA3.5?l-1.5
- ? ???????????????????
21??????????
- ???????
- ??????????
- HE?????
- ?????????
- ?????????????????, ???,????
- ????????Alzheimer ll ?????
- ??????????????
- ??,??,???????
22??????????
- ???????????????
- ?????????????
- ?????????????????????
23HE????
- ???????????,????????
- ??????????,????????????
24 HE????
?????????(Westhaven grading) ??
???? ?????
????? I(???) ??????,???,
????,????????
?? II(????)??,????,????, ??,?? ?
?? III
(???) ??,??????????, ????,??????, /-
?? ????,????? IV? (???)
??????,????? -
??
25- HE????
- ????????????,????,??,????
-
??,?????????? - ? ????
- ??????????????????????????
- ???????????????????????,??
- ?????????(8)????(9)?????
26????????????
- 1.???????????????
- 2.?????????,??(4-7?/?)d?(1-3?/?)?
- 3.???????????
- 4.???????????????????????,
27?????????
- ?????????HE???????
- ???ALT,AST, AP, gamma GT,??,???,??,???,????,
????,???,????,????, CRP, ESR - ?????????????
- ???????????
- HE?????????????????
28??????????(??????A?B)
29??????????(Digit-symbol test and line tracing
test)
30???????
- ??????????,??
- ??????
- ???????????HE
- ????
31????????
- MRI
- MRS(Magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,MRS)
- Positron emission tomography (PET)
32 ?????? ??????
???? 1.?????(?)????????? 2.??????????? 3.?????
?? 4.????????????? 5.?????????????(??)
33????????
- ???
- ???
- ???
- ?????
- ????
- ?????
34MHE??
- ????????,????????????
- ????????????,???,??????
35- ??????
- ????????????(?????)(?)????
- (?)????????????
- 1.??
- ?????
- ?????,???4060g/?(???
- ???????????)
- ??5.06.7J(?????)
- ?????
- 2.?????
- ???????
36 ?????? 3.???????????,???
?? ??? ??
???? 1)?????,?????? 2)HNH3NH4??? 3)???????
4)????????? ?????,??,???????
37??????
- (?)???????????,??????????
- 1.????
- ?????(??6.3g/20ml ??34mmol/L)
- ????(??5.75g/20ml ??34mmol/L)
- ??????????,???PH???,
- ?????????????????,????????????????
38 ?????? 2.??????????
?????? ?????????????? 3.GABA/BZ???????
?????(bicuculline)GABA??????
????(flumazerlil)??????????
39??????
- (?)??????
- 1.???????????????
- 2.????????
- 3.????????
- 4.???????????
- 5.???????Vitk1,????
- 6.????????
- (?)??????????
-
40??????