17.4%20

1
17.4 The Reformation Continues
2
John Calvin

• Influential in the spread of Protestantism
• 1536 Publishes the Institutes of the Christian
  Religion
• Summary of Protestant beliefs
• View men women as sinful by nature
• Believed in predestination God knew who he was
  going to save or elect
• Teachings Calvinism

3
Calvinism Spreads

• Ideal government Theocracy
• Religious leaders rule
• 1540s rules city of Geneva a model city
• Strict No bright clothing or card games
  religion classes
• Brutal punishments
• 1559 John Knox (Scotsman) follows Calvins
  teaching Presbyterians
• Calvinism spreads throughout Europe
• France Calvinists Huguenots
• Catholics kill 1000s of them

4
Anabaptists

• Protestants Bible source of all religious truth
• Baptized those only enough to decide
• Viewed church state to be separate
• Refused to fight wars share possessions
• Persecuted by Catholics Protestants
• Forerunners of Mennonites Amish
• Influence the Quakers Baptists

5
Women

• Reforms renaissance ideas more influence from
  women
• Many protect reformers
• Marguerite of Navarre saves John Calvin
• Katherina von Bora (Luthers wife)
• Mothers children, manages finances, cooked meals,
  supports Luther
• Pushed for women to have equal marriage roles
• Beginning of the modern woman

6
Catholic Reforms

• Millions stayed with the Catholic Church
• Aid cause through reforms Catholic Reformation
• Ignatius of Loyola Reformer from Spain
• 1522 Spiritual Exercises
• Daily plan of meditation, prayer, study
• 1540 Pope creates the Society of Jesus Jesuits
• 1) Found schools in Europe
• 2) Convert non-believers
• 3) stop spread of Protestantism

7
Reforming Popes

• Reforms of Pope Paul III
• 1) Investigated indulgences abuses
• 2) Approved Jesuit order
• 3) Uses Inquisition to seek out heresy
• 4) called the Council of Trent
• Reforms of Pope Paul IV
• Carries out the councils decrees
• 1559 Draws up list of dangerous books to the
  faith
• Orders books to be burned

8
Council of Trent

• 1545-1563 Catholic bishops cardinals establish
  doctrines
• Agreed upon doctrines
• Churchs interpretation of the Bible was final
• Salvation faith good works
• The Bible traditions guided Christian life
• Indulgences were valid, but couldnt be false

9
Legacy of the Reformation

• Religious Social Effects

• Political Effects

• Protestant churches flourish
• New denominations develop
• Catholic Church is stronger as a religious entity
• More emphasis on education
• Colleges universities established
• Women mostly limited to concerns of home family
  some new roles

• Catholic political authority declines
• More power for monarchs states the modern
  nation-state
• 1600s power sought through war, exploration,
  expansion
• Lays the groundwork for the Enlightenment