China Rejects European Outreach

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China Rejects European Outreach
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THE MING DYNASTY(1368-1644)

• By the time Portugal landed on China in 1514,
  China was the dominant power in the region.
• In recognition of Chinas power, vassal states
  paid a tribute or payment to China. They did
  this to show they were beneath China.
• China expected the Europeans to pay a tribute too.

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THE RISE OF THE MING

• Hongwu, the son of a peasant, led the Chinese to
  push the Mongols out of China in 1368. He became
  the first Emperor of the MING Dynasty.
• He tried to rebuild China through agricultural
  reforms( rice production and improve irrigation)

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Hongwu

• 1.He used respected traditions and institutions
  to bring stability to China.
• 2. He improved imperial administration by having
  merit based civil service examination system.
• 3. He eventually became a tyranthe believed
  everyone was plotting against him-which made him
  meaner.
• He dies and his son Yonglo takes over. He moves
  the royal court to Beijing. He pushed
  exploration.

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ZHENG HE

• He was the admiral who led the Chinese
  expeditions. He initially went to Southeast Asia
  and India. Later he went to Arabia and Eastern
  Africa.
• He was able to accomplish Yonglos goal of
  impressing the world with the power and splendor
  of the Ming Dynasty.
• Everywhere Zheng went he brought gifts to show
  how superior the Chinese were.
• 16 countries sent tributes to China as a result
  of these journeys.
• Chinese scholars thought the trips were a waste
  of money---so they put a stop to them. The last
  voyage was in 1433.

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Ming Relations with Foreign Countries

• China wanted to keep foreigners out therefore,
  only the government was allowed to trade.
  Closed Door Policy
• The Chinese were profiting from interest in their
  goods---but it didnt want to invest its money
  in industrialization for 2 reasons
• 1. Offended Confucian Beliefsmerchants made
  their money by supporting foreigners and robbery
  (smuggling).
• 2. The culture favored agriculture
• Missionaries brought Christianity with them to
  ChinaMany educated Chinese people were against
  Christianity being introduced.

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The Qing Dynasty

• As time went on the Ming Dynasty began to weaken.
  This left it open for invasion by the
  Manchuswho took over Beijing.
• The Manchus took a Chinese name for their
  dynastyQuing. They ruled for 260 years.

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China under the Qing Dynasty

• Initially the Qing were not welcomed into China.
  The Qing made the men wear their hair in
  ponytails as a sign of submission. Eventually, as
  time went on the Qing became more accepted.
• They supported Chinas traditional Confucian
  beliefs and social structures. They made the
  country safer and richer.

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The first Qing Emperor

• Kangxi became emperor in 1661 and he ruled for 60
  years. He lowered government expenses and taxes.
  

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Manchus Policy of Isolation

• The Chinese believed that if Europeans wanted to
  trade with them they would have to follow Chinese
  traditions and beliefs. KOWTOW
• The Dutch accepted the beliefs and paid tribute
  to China. This opened up trade to China for the
  Dutch. Items like porcelain and silk were sought
  after from China. The most important traded item
  introduced was TEA.

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• Great Britain wanted to trade with the Chinese
  too, but they werent willing to obey the
  traditions of the Chinese. They request to trade
  was denied.

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Korea under the Manchus

• The Manchus had conquered Korea and they made
  Korea the little brother of China.
• The Koreans had a strong feeling of nationalism
  and they showed their interest in themselves
  through artwork.

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Daily LifeFamily and Women

• Most Chinese people farmed. The Europeans had
  introduced new crops-sweet potatoes and corn.
  This led for increased food production
  (irrigation system) and better diets.
• Women were treated as being below menthey were
  responsible for educating the youth and for
  managing finances. Also, foot binding occurred
  which showed the mistreatment of women.

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Lily Feet/Foot Binding
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CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS

• China was based on tradition and culturally it
  was very conservative. They used traditional
  styles in art and often portrayed cultural heroes
  in their work

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Japan Limits Western Contact

• In 1467, a civil war shattered Japan. Its
  entire government system (feudalism fell apart).
  
• Powerful Samurai took control of former feudal
  states. The peasants paid a fee to be protected
  by these daimyo.
• The country was ruled by these daimyo and the
  emperor was a figure head.

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New Leaders Restore Order

• Oda Nobunaga, a daimyo, defeated the other
  daimyos and took the capital of Kyoto in 1568.
• Using firearms(guns) Nobunaga was able to fight
  off all of his competition. However, he killed
  himself when one of his generals turned on him.
• His general, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, fought off any
  remaining daimyo. By 1590 he controlled the
  country through the use of allies. He invaded
  Korea in 1592 and fought the Koreans until his
  death.

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Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan

• Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated his rival daimayo and he
  earned the respect of the other daimayo. After 3
  years, Tokugawa was able to become the only
  Shogun or leader of Japan. He moved the capital
  to Edothe modern day location of Tokyo.

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• Tokyo Became one of the largest cities in the
  word
• There were many cultural developments Theater-
  Kabuki
• Haiku Poetry- 5-7-5 syllable 3 line verse

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Contact with Europe and Japan

• The Portuguese were the first to trade with Japan
• They brought firearms, clocks, eyeglasses and
  tobacco
• The Japanese warriors were very interested in
  firearms which outdated the traditional samurai
  sword.
• Eventually the gun and cannon changed
  Japan-forcing Daimyo to build fortified castles.
• Missionaries came to Japan to spread
  Christianity- At first welcomed eventually
  religious rebellion caused Tokugawa Ieyasu banned
  Christianity and eliminated it in Japan
• By 1639 Japan had instituted a Closed Door
  Policy- Only the Dutch and the Chinese were
  allowed to trade and only in the port of Nagasaki

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Chapter 3- Sections 2 3- China Rejects European
Outreach/Japan Limits Western Contacts

• Read pages 89-97 in the textbook and complete the
  following
• Section 2- Make a chart comparing the Ming and
  Qing Dynasty include in your chart the dates the
  dynasty lasted, the key leaders, their
  accomplishments, foreign policy and Cultural
  developments.
• Section 3-
• Make a diagram similar to the one on page 95 to
  show the social structure in Japanese society.
• Make a chart similar to the one on page 97 to
  show the accomplishments of each of the major
  daimyos- make sure you include the dates they
  ruled.