Non Mendelian Genetics

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Non Mendelian Genetics

• Incomplete Dominance
• Codominance
• Human Blood Types

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Incomplete Dominance

• Heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate
  phenotype between the two homozygous phenotype
• Snapdragons Human Hair
• RR red SS - straight
• WW white CC - curly
• RW pink SC - wavy

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Warm-Up

• Organism X exhibits incomplete dominance for its
  fur color. One homozygous form is red and the
  other homozygous form is blue. The heterozygous
  form is purple.
• Cross a blue female and a purple male.
• Predict the ratios of fur color in their
  offspring.

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Codominance

• Both alleles are expressed in the heterozygous
  condition
• Cows Chickens
• RR red (chestnut) BB black
• WW white WW - white
• RW roan BW black and white

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Codominance Practice Problems

• Phenotypes
• Roan 50, White 50
• Red 25, Roan 50, White 25
• Roan 100
• Red 50, Roan 50
• Black and White 100
• Black 50, Black and White 50
• Black 25, Black and White 50, White 25
• Black and White 50, White 50

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Human Blood Groups

• Blood groups were discovered in 1901 by Karl
  Landsteiner
• Adult human has 4-6 liters of blood
• Parts of blood
• a. Red blood cell contains hemoglobin which
• transports oxygen to body
• b. White blood cells fight infections
• c. Platelets help blood clot
• d. Plasma made of salts and proteins

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Multiple Alleles

• Multiple alleles (2 or more) code for traits
• Ex Blood groups
• Human Blood Group Genotypes
• A IAIA (homozygous dominant) or
  IAi (heterozygous)
• B IBIB (homozygous dominant) or
  IBi (heterozygous)
• AB IAIB (co-dominant)
• O ii (homozygous recessive)

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Human Blood Donating
Blood Group Proteins Can Give to Can Receive From
A A A, AB A, O
B B B, AB B, O
AB AB AB A, B, AB, O
O None A, B, AB, O O
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Rh Factor

• Named for rheses monkey
• Rh has the Rh protein
• Rh- does not have Rh protein
• RR or Rr Rh
• rr Rh-

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Practice crosses

• 1) Sally is heterozygous for Blood type A and Sam
  has blood type O. Predict the possible blood
  types of their children.
• 2) Tracy has blood type AB, while her husband has
  blood type A. Is it possible for them to create
  a child with blood type O? Set up a cross.
• 3) Allison has a child with blood type AB. She
  has blood type A and her husband (Phil) has blood
  type AB. Is Phil the father?

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Blood Type Crosses Worksheet Answers

• 1) 50 A, 25 AB, 25 B
• 2) Woman 1
• 3) Not their child
• 4) He could be the father
• 5) Garfield could be the father
• 6) Blood type A or B
• 7) Blood type A, B, AB
• 8) Blood type A, B, AB, O
• 9) Blood type O
• 10) Yes
• 11) No, all kids will be blood type O

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Sex-Linked (X-linked) Disorders

• Genetic disorders can be carried on the X
  chromosome
• The Y chromosome is too small, only carries for
  male characteristics
• Examples of sex-linked recessive disorders
  hemophilia, colorblindness, baldness

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Hemophilia
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Hemophilia
Can cause massive internal bleeding bruising
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Genotypes

• Hemophilia
• Females
• XHXH normal for bloodclotting
• XHXh carrier for hemphilia
• XhXh hemophilia
• Males
• XHY normal for bloodclotting
• XhY hemophilia

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Color Blind Tests
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Color Blind Tests
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What do you see if you are colorblind?
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What do you see if you are colorblind?
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What do you see if you are colorblind?
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Pattern Baldness
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Pattern Baldness
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Pattern Baldness
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Women with Baldness
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Women with Baldness
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Genotypes

• Colorblindness and Baldness
• Females
• XBXB normal vision
• XBXb carrier for colorblindness
• XbXb colorblind
• Males
• XBY normal vision
• XbY colorblindness

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Practice Problems

1. Johns mom is colorblind and his dad has normal
   vision. Give the genotype and phenotype ratios
   for John and his siblings.
2. Susan is a carrier for hemophilia. She marries
   Bob who has hemophilia. Give the genotype and
   phenotype ratios for their children.
3. Rick wants to know if he will be bald as an
   adult. Ricks mom is not bald. Ricks dad is
   bald. Ricks maternal grandfather is bald.
   Ricks paternal grandfather is not bald. What
   about Rick?