Title: ??????? ?(Zn) -?(Cu)
1 ?????????????????
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- 49712033 ???
- 49712038 ???
- 49712041 ???
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4 ???????????,???????,??????????????,????????,?
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5?????
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6- ???????e,???? r,???????? i,???????
V(??????????)?
V e - ir
7???????
8 91.???????
- ???????????????????
- ?????,??????????????????????
- ???????? Ag/AgCl
102.?????
- Cd Cd²(a 1) Cu² (a1)Cu at 25?
- ?
- ????
- Cd(s)? ?Cd² (a 1) 2e-
- e0.4030 ??
- ?
- ????
- Cu² (a 1) 2e- ? ? Cu (s)
- e0.3370 ??
- ???????emf
- ecelleCd eCu 0.7400
11??????????
EE - (0.025693/n) ln Q EE - (0.05916/n) log Q
12?????????
13 14????
- ??????????,????????????????,????????????,????????,
???????(concentration cell) - ??????????????(?/?/???)
-
- ERT/nF lna(C2)/a(C1) 0.0591log f2c2/f1C1
15??????????
- ??(Activity)???????????,???????????????
- ????,??????????????????,??????????????????,???????
???? axX?x - ????????,??????,??????????????,??????
- ?????????????????????
?? (mol/kg) 25 C 50 C 100 C 200 C 300 C 350 C
5 0.873 0.886 0.803 0.466 0.167 0.044
0.5 0.68 0.675 0.644 0.619 0.322 0.182
0.05 0.82 0.814 0.794 0.725 0.592 0.473
16 17??????
- ???1
- Ag/AgCl????1
- ??U????4
- ???(?????)?1
- ???1
- ??(50ml)4
- (250ml)2
- ???1
- ???1
- ??1
(-) A?? ??1(c1) ??2 (c2) B?? ()
18?????
?? ??? ????
KCl(1N) 74.55 g mol-1 ??2.24g?KCl ?????RO??,????30ml?(???)
ZnSO4(1N) 161.47 g mol-1 ??4.85g?ZnSO4 ?????RO??,????30ml?
CuSO4(1N) 159.62 g mol-1 ??4.79g?CuSO4 ?????RO??,????30ml?
AgNO3(1N) 169.87 g mol-1 ??5.10g?AgNO3 ?????RO??,????30ml?
AgNO3(0.1N) ??0.51g?AgNO3 ?????RO??,????30ml?
AgNO3(0.01N) ??0.05g?AgNO3 ?????RO??,????30ml?
NH4NO3(sat.) 80.052 g mol- ?30ml???????NH4NO3,???????,????????
AgCl(sat.) 143.32 g mol-1 AgCl?AgBr ?AgI ?????????,??30ml???????mg??,?????0.1g?
AgBr(sat.) 187.77 g mol-1 AgCl?AgBr ?AgI ?????????,??30ml???????mg??,?????0.1g?
AgI(sat.) 234.77 g mol-1 AgCl?AgBr ?AgI ?????????,??30ml???????mg??,?????0.1g?
??(gelatin) ?3 gelatin?(???)
??(agar) ?3 agar?(???)
191.????
- ?????
- ?1N KCl ???3???3??????,?????????????5mm?U????,??
?????,???????????????U?????????????????? - ??????????????????
202. ???????
(1) ?? (2) ??
e- ?
Ag/AgCl????
1N KCl
- 1N ZnSO4 ??
- 1N CuSO4 ??
?? NH4NO3 ??
?????(1)?(2)?????????
213.??????????????
e- ?
??
??
1N KCl
1N ZnSO4 ??
1N CuSO4 ??
?????????????(Daniel)??????
224.???????
e- ?
??
??
1N KCl
- ??AgCl ??
- ??AgBr ??
- ??AgI ??
0.1N AgNO3 ??
?????(1)-(3)???????????,????????
Ag AgCl(sat.) KCl(1N) AgNO3 (0.1N) Ag
235.??????????
e- ?
??
??
?? NH4NO3
- 1N AgNO3 ??
- 1N AgNO3 ??
- 0.1N AgNO3 ??
- 0.1N AgNO3??
- 0.01N AgNO3??
- 0.01N AgNO3??
?????(1)-(3)???????????
Ag AgCl(dilu.) NH4NO3 (sat.) AgNO3 (conc.)
Ag
24????
- 1.?1N ZnSO4 ?1N CuSO4 ???????,????????????,???????
,???? - ??????Ag/AgCl ???????
- 2.??????????????,??????
- ?????,??????????????????????????????
25?????????
26 27??1.????????
- ?G ?H T?S
- ??G ?U ? (PV) T?S (Sqrev/T ? ?wrev
0,???????? ?V 0)?G T?S 0 ? (PV) T?S
V?P - ???????a A b B c C d D?G ( c GC d GD
) ( a GA b GB ) (cGC0 cRT ln PC) (dGD0
dRT ln PD) (aGA0 aRT ln PA) (bGB0 bRT
ln PB) -
28??2.(Maximum non-expansion work)
29??3.(??????)
30????-??
- http//highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw/wordpress/?p20018
??????(Chemical Equilibrium)???????(Gibbs Free
Energy)??????????????????/??????????????? - Atkins - Physical Chemistry 8e
- ???? http//wikipedia.tw/
- ????? www.nsc.gov.tw/files/popsc/2003_138/05-?Q.pd
f - ????? http//home.lsjh.tp.edu.tw/jjpong/podcast/el
ec_chem.pdf
31????-??
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