Depression = World

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Chapter 24

• Section 1

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Depression World

• The world, especially Europe was devastated
• People were looking for stability
• Someone to pull them out of despair

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All hail Hitler

• He was incredible speaker
• Held grand spectacles
• Put the blame on something else or someone else

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Totalitarian Government

• Exert total control over a nation
• Dominate every aspect of life
• Use terror to suppress individual rights
• Silence all opposition

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Fascism

• Hitler and Mussolini use this philosophy
• Emphasized the importance of the nation or ethnic
  group

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Stalin and the Soviet Union

• Had a five year plan to spread communism
• Modernize agriculture
• Build industry

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His economic plan

• If people did not listen to them he would starve
  them
• Wanted to industrialize
• Introduce the world to a new leader

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Stalins reign of terror

• 1934 he arrested all people who opposed him
• Everyone was found guilty
• Purges- removing political figures and
  undesirables
• Millions were executed or put in jail

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Mussolini

• Italian dictator
• Soldier in WW I
• Felt the Treaty of Versailles was unfair
• Created the fascists party with his Black shirts
• Suspended free elections
• outlawed all political parties
• Look at as a miracle worker
• Took Ethopia

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Nazism

• A form of fascism
• Shaped by Hitler
• Supported nationalism and racial superiority

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Hook Activity

• Why do individuals often go along with the
  actions of the crowd, even when they are not
  comfortable doing so?
• From what you know and what we learned, what
  factors in Germany contributed to this mass
  support for Hitler?
• Could a leader like Hitler hold such appeal and
  power today?
• Do we see any elements of blame in this recent
  election?
• Can we gain message of the importance of
  acceptance and standing up for yourself or
  someone else?
• BE READY TO ANSWER!!!!!!!!!!!!This counts for
  class grade and current events!

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Hitler goes to the pokey

• Him and a few of his followers tried to overtake
  the government
• Called the Beer Hall Putsch
• It was easily put down
• Thrown in jail
• Wrote Mein Kampf, My Struggle
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v0VuFrJibv9U

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Quotes of Hitler

• Those who want to live, let them fight, and those
  who do not want to fight in this world of eternal
  struggle do not deserve to live.Adolf Hitler,
  Mein Kampf
• The Nazi party should not become a constable of
  public opinion, but must dominate it. It must not
  become a servant of the masses, but their
  master!Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf
• Sooner will a camel pass through a needle's eye
  than a great man be 'discovered' by an
  election.Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf

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Up The Ladder he Goes

• In charge of the Nazi Party
• Largest party in the Reichstag
• President Hindenburg made him Chancellor
• Hitlers Brown shirts start to suspend freedom
• When Hindenburg dies he becomes President as well
• Called Der Fuhrer

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Secrets

• Goes against the Treaty of Versailles and builds
  up the military
• Unemployed workers get jobs
• Make the Autobahn
• Bolstered national pride
• Told people they need more lebensraum, or living
  space
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vWTAj60EdPZ8

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Shineland, Rhineland

• Region in Western Germany
• Treaty banned military forces
• Used in WW I as a base
• Remilitarized illegally
• Map

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Why appease

• Many felt that Germany had been mistreated by the
  Treaty of Versailles
• WW I was still fresh in their head and they did
  not want another confrontation
• Let Hitler have just one tiny piece of land
• Map

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Axis Powers

• Throughout WW II these powers will consist of
  Germany, Japan and Italy

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Let us start the moped..

• Hitler wanted Austria to unite again and they
  refused
• Hitler will take the country under his control
• Promises that would be it
• Few months later Hitler will take the Sudetenland
  which is part of Czech
• Great Britain and others stood by and watched
• Appeasement- giving into a competitors demands to
  avoid confrontation
• BAD IDEA FOR HITLER
• MAP

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(No Transcript)
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• WW II resources in documents
• art

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Section 2
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Spanish Civil War

• In Spain many political parties were fighting for
  power
• There was a rebellion against the Democratic
  government led by Francisco Franco and their
  group became known as the nationalists
• So the war was between the nationalists and the
  republicans

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Who helped?

• They both needed foreign aid
• Germany and Italy will aid the nationalists by
  giving tanks and planes. Hitler will bomb a small
  town
• The Soviet Union will help the republicans

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Churchill and the Sudetenland

• He felt that Britain made a terrible mistake by
  appeasing Hitler
• Felt he had no intentions of stopping

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Moped times..

• Hitler does not stop at the Sudetenland
• A few months later Hitler will occupy the western
  part of Czech
• Italy will continue invading and take Albania and
  western Greece

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Just not Poland

• Great Britain and France appeased Hitler but
  warned to stay away from Poland
• Hitler did not listen and didnt believe that
  they would get involved
• They will

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Hitler versus Stalin

• Hitler and Stalin were not friends
• In fact sworn enemies
• Realized that they had similar interests and
  could help each other
• They signed a 10 year non-aggression pact
• You leave me alone and I will leave you alone

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Mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

• Germany became an effective fighting machine
• Used a blitzkrieg, or lightening war which
  included fast, concentrated air and land attacks
• Germany utilized the stuka, which was a dive-bomb
  airplane
• It would terrorize people and then tanks and
  auxiliary would come in
• Using these methods it took Hitler 1 month to
  take Poland

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Frances main source of fire power

• France used the Maginot Line
• It faced the border of Germany
• It housed all the troops, and their heavy
  artillery faced the border

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Problem???

• It only protected part of France
• Leaving them open through Belgium
• All heavy guns were pointed east towards Germany
  which created a problem if they came in through
  the back

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Phony War

• America was getting dribs and drabs of
  information
• There was a lull after Germany took Poland
• Lack of fighting

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The moped

• Hitler will successfully take
• Denmark and Norway
• Launches a blitzkrieg on the Netherlands (5
  days) and Belgium (3 weeks)
• Takes Luxembourg (1 day)
• French and British will rush to the aid of
  Belgium but too late

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The Battle of Dunkirk

• The Germans cornered the French
• They assembled a private fleet of steam ships,
  passenger liners, fishing boats etc.
• Saved 340,000 soldiers by carrying them across
  the English Channel

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France Falls

• Hitler swept through France and took Paris in a
  few days
• Soldiers surrender and Hitler personally did a
  victory visit to the Eiffel Tower

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The Battle of Britain

• Great Britain lay 20 miles away on the English
  Channel
• However, Britain had a great Navy
• Germany launched a massive air attack in which
  they went against the rules of war
• They bombed civilians and any target they could
  find
• GB would retaliate and bomb Berlin
• RAF Royal Air Force was greatly out-numbered
• Very courageous and responsible for killing 100s
  of Germans

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Section 3
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Lets talk about Japan

• Throughout the years Japans military will expand
• By the eve of WW I Japan is the strongest nation
• Japan supported the allies during WW I

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Crisis in Japan

• During and after the Great Depression Japans
  economy was rocked
• Their industry was based on selling their goods
  to foreign countries
• Other nations increased tariffs on Japanese
  goods to protect their business

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Oh oh a crisis, ya knowooo

• The economic crisis lead to massive lay-offs,
  strikes and widespread political descent
• People blamed the problems on democracy and this
  led to nationalists
• Radicals assassinated business and political
  leaders

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Manchurian Incident

• Japans population exploded in the 1900s
• By 1930 the population neared 65 million and grew
  about 1 million a year
• Japan lacked natural resources
• They saw acquisition of Manchuria as a solution
• A Japanese army stationed in Manchuria faked an
  attack
• Blamed it on the Chinese and gave them the
  authority to seize it

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Puppet State

• Manchuria became an independent country under the
  control of a powerful neighbor, Japan

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Japan grows stronger

• The acquisition of Manchuria and the
  assassination of the Prime Minister allowed Japan
  to grow stronger
• War in China- Japanese brutally attacked the
  Chinese
• They brutally killed over 100,000 civilians
  including women and children
• Rape of Nanjing

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Who helped the Chinese

• United States and other nations condemned the
  Japanese
• US passed a series of Neutrality Acts so they
  could remain uninvolved
• The Soviet Union backed China with arms, military
  advisors and warplanes
• Great Britain would later send a steady stream of
  supplies as well

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Burma Road

• 700 mile highway linking Burma to China
• The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere- Japan
  needed the resources from regions to continue the
  war with China
• Japan stated that they would spread liberty
  throughout Asia and Europe if they got on board
• Tripartite Pact- is was an argument that aligned
  Japan and Germany and Italy

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Section 4
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The United States chooses Neutrality

• During the 1930s the United States turned their
  back on foreign problems
• Focused their energies on trying to get the
  economy back on track
• Even as Germany and Italy threatened to shatter
  world peace, the US held out on their policy of
  isolationism

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Lets help just a little

• Few people in the US agreed with fascism and
  Nazism and sympathized with the victims
• However, anything short of a direct attack on the
  US would keep the US out of war
• To prove their neutrality they passed Neutrality
  Acts
• 1. 1935, banned the US from providing military
  weapons to nations at war
• 2. 1936, banned loans to nations at war

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We take cash only!

• 3. 1937, nicknamed cash and carry, permitted
  trade of nonmilitary goods to fighting nations
  only if they came to pick it up and used cash
• These acts prevented the US from aiding nations
  who were trying to defend themselves from the
  aggressors
• Later it was looked at as actually encouraging
  aggression

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Moped time again

• By the end of 1938 Germany had been on fire,
  Italy took Ethiopia and Japan took China
• Our isolationist views changed by our improving
  economy and the increase of aggression by Japan
  and Germany (Poland)
• FDR will ask the Congress to revise the
  Neutrality Acts by allowing us to sell weapons to
  Great Britain and France

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France falls

• When France fell the United States became more
  concerned for the safety of Great Britain
• They will begin lending more
• In fact they will provide 50 destroyers

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Many dont agree

• Some Americans felt this involvement was too
  drastic
• Some formed the American First Committee- which
  pushed to block any further aid to Great Britain
• In the heat of it all there was an election in
  1940
• Wendell Willkie ran against FDR and told the
  American people he would drag us into war
• FDR won the election for his third term

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FDR wants more

• FDR will push for more help
• Prime Minister Churchill will beg the US for more
  help stating they are bankrupt and could not pay
  for goods
• Lend Lease- was passed in 1941 and it will later
  extend to the Soviet Union
• New plan to give Britain goods to borrow!
• By the end of the war the US will Lend 49
  billion to 40 nations

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Oh no Japan..

• Japanese were our of control in Asia
• When they took Indonesia the US froze all
  financial assets of Japan and cut off oil
  shipments
• We knew the Japanese desperately needed raw
  materials and thought this would stop them
• Caused Japan to look in other areas and expand
  more
• In the coming months the US tried to avoid war
  with Japan

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Negotiations, final days of peace

• The US and Japan were heavily involved in
  negotiations and it looked promising
• Military officer General Tojo Hideki took over
  power in Japan and disliked the US
• US broke a Japanese code and knew aircraft
  carriers were on the move in the Pacific
• They expected an attack but did not know where

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The Attack

• 6 aircraft carriers and more than 20 other ships
  headed to Oahu
• The intention was that they would cripple the US
  and we would not be to attack them and they would
  continue expanding
• On Dec. 7th at 7A.M. a radar noticed a large
  blimp on the screen
• The officer on duty said that it was American
  pilots

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They were wrong

• Half the Pacific fleet was anchored in a three
  mile area
• By 945 the attack was over
• 2,400 planes Americans were killed
• 1,200 were wounded
• 200 planes were damaged
• 18 warships sunk
• 29 Japanese planes lost

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The Day that will live in infamy

• The next day on December 8th the US will declare
  war on Japan
• On Dec. 11th, Germany and Italy will declare war
  on the US
• Our contributions will once again win the war