Experimentally induced gastric ulcer in the rat

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Experimentally induced gastric ulcer in the rat

• MUDr. Michal Jurajda

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Objective

• To study the influence of H2-receptor antagonist
  on the development of the peptic ulcers of the
  stomach in the rats.The peptic ulcers will be
  induced experimentally by NSAID (cyclo-oxygenase
  inhibitor).

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Physiology

• Motor functions of the stomach
• Gastric secretion

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Physiology

• Motor functions of the stomach
• storage reduction of the tone in the muscular
  wall
• mixing and propulsion constrictor ring leading
  to the retropulsion
• emptying

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Physiology

• Secretions
• parietal cells - HCl, intrinsic factor
• chief cells enzymes (pepsinogen, gastric
  lipase)
• surface cells - mucous, sodium bicarbonate

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Parietal cell
Mucous neck cell
Chief cell
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Gastric mucosa
surface cells
neck cells
parietal and chief cells
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Hydrochloric acid secretion
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Regulation of HCl secretion
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Regulation of HCl secretion
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Pathology

• Gastritis
• Acute - stress (Cushings ulcer), infection,
  radiation, corrosives
• Chronic A type autoimmune destruction of the
  parietal cells, B type inflammation of the
  antral mucosa caused by H. pylori

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Gastritis - acute
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Chronic gastritis A
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Chronic gastritis B
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Helicobacter pylori
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Peptic ulcer

• Mucosal defect reaching deeper than muscularis
  mucosae layer, localized in areas exposed to
  acid-pepsin secretions.

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Pathological anatomy
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Pathological anatomy
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RTG with barium contrastGastric ulcer
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Duodenal peptic ulcer
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Complications of peptic ulcer

• Bleeding
• Perforation
• Penetration
• Pyloric channel narrowing

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Peptic ulcer
ulcer
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Bleeding
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Perforation and penetration
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Perforation free intraperitoneal air
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Ulcerogenic factors

• NSAID
• Stress
• Chronic gastritis type B
• A habitual increase of oxyntic glands secretion
  (increased number, increased sensitivity to k
  histamine or gastrin.
• Zollinger-Ellison syndrom

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Pharmacotherapy
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H2 receptor antagonists

• block histamine receptors 2 type
• decrease HCl secretion in the gastric glands

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Cyclooxygenase inhibitors

• decrease synthesis of prostaglandins
• anti-inflammatory effect
• analgetic effect
• anti-trombotic effect
• The adverse side effect - the gastric ulcer