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??? ???????????? ??? ?1Astrakhan
Kremlin
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• Hello! My name is Zamyatina Anastasiya.
• I am from Astrakhan. It is an old Russian
  town situated on the great Russian river Volga.
  There are many historical places in Astrakhan
  and the oldest of them is the Kremlin. Lets have
  an excursion and admire our old historical
  monument.

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• In 1558 a wooden citadel was erected on the
  left bank of the Volga. It was starting point of
  Astrakhan. 500 boats carried timber, workers and
  streletses (members of military corps instituted
  by Ivan the Terrible and enjoying special
  privileges) from Nizhny Novgorod down the Volga.
  The manager of the construction works was the
  experienced architect Ivan Virodkov.
• Already in 1569 the wooden fortress could
  resist the siege of the Turkish and Tatar
  troops. The strategic interests of Russia in the
  South-East demanded further fortification of
  Astrakhan.

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The stone citadel (the Kremlin) was being built
since 1582 to 1589. It was erected on the bank of
the Volga by the architects from Moscow Mikhail
Veljyaminov and Dei Gubasty. All the towers of
the Kremlin were divided into several levels
which were connected by the staircases inside the
walls.
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The tower Krasniye Vorota ( Beautiful Gates) was
constructed as headquarters and was meant for
circular defence.

• The Red gates tower is on the top of the
  Kremlin hillock in a northwest wall. The Volga
  coast behind Kremlin walls at a tower was high,
  the slope was abrupt. And in due time it served
  as command point.

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The passages through the towers connected the
battle sites beside the walls. This provided the
opportunity to defend the fortress along its
whole perimeter. The Kremlin in Astrakhan is
righteously considered to be outstanding monument
of Russian architecture and fortification of the
16 century.
The largest corner tower was the Crymskaya
Tower. The walls of the Tower were 3.5 meters
thick. There were 5 levels with 20 loopholes in
the walls.
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The main adornment of the Kremlin is the
Uspensky (Dormition Assumption) Cathedral
erected in 1698 -1710 by a surf architect Dorofei
Myakishev who managed to embody in his stone
masterpiece the idea of the spiritual
strengthening of Russia. They say that when Peter
I saw the Uspensky Cathedral he exclaimed that
there was no other cathedral of such beauty in
Russia and ordered to erect a similar cathedral
in St Petersburgh. . Above the main gates of
the Kremlin there is a bell - tower, 80 meters
high, built at the beginning of the XX century.
Earlier the two towers, its historic predecessors
erected in the same place, had been destroyed by
the time.
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Defended by the walls of the fortress the
first wooden monastery appeared in Astrakhan as
early as 1574. It was the Troitsky (Trinity)
monastery - The stronghold of the Orthodoxy in
Astrakhan. But throughout centuries only memories
of it have been left. The existing Complex of the
Troitsky Cathedral had passed through many
ordeals fires, desolation - but in 1819 it was
reconstructed on merchant Obezyanin's money and
acquired a new life.
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The walls and the towers of the Kremlin
remember the folk rebel Stepan Rasin. After
the events connected with his name one of the
towers Raskaty was dismantled, hawing
left the most tragic memories.
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In June 1722 his highness Peter I paid a
visit to sunny Astrakhan. The Tsar was getting
ready for a march to Persia and that was why he
was personally interested in the fortification of
the southern outpost of Russia. On his initiative
the Caspian fleet was created in the mouth of the
Volga. Long before the fleet was founded the
first Russian military ship Orel was sent to
Astrakhan to guard the trade routes. The
historic name of the great Russian Commander
Suvorov A.V. is also connected with the
fortification on Astrakhan where he stayed
during 2 years.
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Being the main place of interest in
Astrakhan, the Kremlin hasnt lost its spiritual
significance. The ancient walls and towers of the
Kremlin remind us of the glorious deeds of our
ancestors guarding the frontiers.