Personality

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Personality

• A persons characteristic pattern of thinking,
  feeling and acting.

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Psychoanalytic Perspective
Of Personality
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Unconscious
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
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Freud's Early Exploration into the Unconscious

• Used hypnosis and free association (relax and say
  it all) to delve into unconscious.
• Mapped out the mental dominoes of the patients
  past in a process he called psychoanalysis.

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Freud's Personality Structure

• Ego
• Superego
• Id

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Id

• Unconscious energy that drives us to satisfy
  basic sexual and aggressive drives.
• Id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding
  immediate gratification.

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Superego

• Part of personality that represents our
  internalized ideals.
• Standards of judgment or our morals.

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Ego

• The boss executive of the conscious.
• Its job is to mediate the desires of the Id and
  Superego.
• Called the reality principle.

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Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development

• Freud believed that your personality developed in
  your childhood.
• Mostly from unresolved problems in the early
  childhood.
• Believed that children pass through a series of
  psychosexual stages.
• The id focuses its libido (sexual energy) on a
  different erogenous zone.

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Oral Stage

• 0-18 months
• Pleasure center is on the mouth.
• Sucking, biting and chewing.

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Anal Stage

• 18-36 months
• Pleasure focuses on bladder and bowel control.
• Controlling ones life and independence.
• Anal retentive

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Phallic Stage

• 3-6 years
• Pleasure zone is the genitals.
• Coping with incestuous feelings.
• Oedipus and Electra complexes.

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Latency Stage

• 6- puberty
• Dormant sexual feeling.
• Cooties stage.

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Genital Stage

• Puberty to death.
• Maturation of sexual interests.

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Fixation

• A lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at
  an earlier psychosexual stage.
• Where conflicts were unresolved.

Orally fixated people may need to chain smoke or
chew gum. Or denying the dependence by acting
tough or being very sarcastic. Anally fixated
people can either be anal expulsive or anal
retentive.
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Defense Mechanisms

• The egos protective methods of reducing anxiety
  by distorting reality.
• Never aware they are occurring.
• Seven major types.

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Repression

• The Mac Daddy defense mechanism.
• Push or banish anxiety driven thought deep into
  unconscious.
• Why we do not remember lusting after our parents.

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Regression

• When faced with anxiety the person retreats to a
  more infantile stage.
• Thumb sucking on the first day of school.

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Reaction Formation

• Ego switches unacceptable impulses into their
  opposites.
• Being mean to someone you have a crush on.

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Projection

• Disguise your own threatening impulses by
  attributing them to others.
• Thinking that your spouse wants to cheat on you
  when it is you that really want to cheat.

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Rationalization

• Offers self-adjusting explanations in place of
  real, more threatening reasons for your actions.
• You dont get into a college and say, I really
  did not want to go there it was too far away!!

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Displacement

• Shifts the unacceptable impulses towards a safer
  outlet.
• Instead of yelling at a teacher, you will take
  anger out on a friend by peeing on his car).

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Sublimation

• Re-channel their unacceptable impulses towards
  more acceptable or socially approved activities.
• Channel feeling of homosexuality into aggressive
  sports play.

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How do we assess the unconscious?
We can use hypnosis or free association. But more
often we use projective tests.
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Projective Tests

• A personality test.
• Provides an ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger
  projection of ones inner dynamics.

Examples Are
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TAT

• Thematic Apperception Test
• A projective test which people express their
  inner feelings through stories they make about
  ambiguous scenes

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TAT
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Rorschach Inkblot Test

• The most widely used projective test

• A set of ten inkblots designed to identify
  peoples feelings when they are asked to
  interpret what they see in the inkblots.

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Rorschach Inkblot Test
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Rorschach Inkblot Test
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Rorschach Inkblot Test
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Rorschach Inkblot Test
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Neo-Freudians

• Psychologists that took some premises from Freud
  and built upon them.

Carl Jung
Karen Horney
Alfred Adler
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Alfred Adler

• Childhood is important to personality.
• But focus should be on social factors- not sexual
  ones.
• Our behavior is driven by our efforts to conquer
  inferiority and feel superior.
• Inferiority Complex

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Karen Horney

• Childhood anxiety is caused by a dependent
  childs feelings of helplessness.
• This triggers our desire for love and security.
• Fought against Freuds penis envy concept.

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Carl Jung

• Less emphasis on social factors.
• Focused on the unconscious.
• We all have a collective unconscious a
  shared/inherited well of memory traces from our
  species history.