History of South Asia

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History of South Asia

• Ch. 24 Sec. 2

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Indus Valley Civilization
Mohenjo-Daro
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1. What were 3 developments of the Indus Valley
civilization?

• Writing system
• Strong central government
• Masters of overseas trade
• Organized, planned cities
• Uniform weights and measures

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2. What were 2 of the worlds first cities? What
technology did they have?

• Mohenjo-Daro Harappa
• Bricks made by kilns (still used today)
• Plumbing systems (wells ? home ? covered drains)
• Sanitation systems
• Signs of dentistry drilled,
• crowned teeth

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Mohenjo- Daro Great Bath
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3. What do many scientists believe led to their
decline?

• Flooding
• Drought
• ? in monsoons leaves area cool dry
• Tectonic activity diverts river elsewhere
• Disease

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Aryan Arrival
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4. Who were the Aryans?

• Light-skinned herders and hunters from the
  northwest (possibly 1700 B.C.)

5. What were the Vedas?

• Collection of sacred writings- show ideas of
  religion, social structure, hymns, etc.
• Hindu sacred text (to some) oldest in Sanskrit

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6. Aryan social class pyramid

• Structure was flexible _at_ first (intermarriage,
  etc), but became more complex and rigid? caste
  system

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7. When did the Mauryan Empire control S. Asia?
What religion?

• 320-180 B.C.E. (Chandragupta Maurya)
• Ruled all but southernmost India
• Buddhism (Asokas pillars)

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8. When did the Gupta Empire rule? What are
things its famous for? Religion?

• 320-550 A.D. (Chandra Gupta I)
• Golden Age of India (sciences, math, astronomy,
  religion)
• Concept of zero, origin of Arabic s,
  heliocentric theory
• Extensive Trade
• Hindu Revival

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Gupta Achievements
1000 diseasesclassified
500 healingplants identified
Printedmedicinal guides
Kalidasa
Literature
Medicine
PlasticSurgery
GuptaIndia
Inoculations
C-sectionsperformed
SolarCalendar
Astronomy
Mathematics
DecimalSystem
The earthis round
PI 3.1416
Conceptof Zero
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Extensive TradeGupta Empire
spices
silks
rice wheat
cotton goods
horses
spices
gold ivory
gold ivory
cotton goods
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9. How did the Mogul (Mughal) Empire come to
power?

• Muslim missionaries traders were moving across
  Africa Asia
• Moguls, over time, took control over most of
  Indian subcontinent (1526)
• Babur
• Most land gained under Akbar
• Shah Jahan
• Defeated only by British in 1857

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10. Who were the first Europeans?

• Portuguese, 1500

11. What was the East India Company and its
significance?

• Began as a trade company for East Indies ?mainly
  India China
• Soon began ruling India (1757-1858)
• British Crown then took control of India

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12. What did the British call their empire? How
did colonization influence Indian culture?

• Raj (empire)
• Brought English language
• New educational system
• Built RRs
• Civil/public services

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Modern South Asia

• India
• 13. What is significant about 1947?
• Year gained independence from Britain
• 14. How was India further divided?
• India formed for Hindus, Pakistan (east west)
  for Muslims
• 15. How did the division of India impact peoples?
• Forced to move to country of religion? violent
  conflicts erupted
• Kashmir

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Modern South Asia

• Sri Lanka
• 16. When did Sri Lanka gain independence, from
  who?
• 1948 from Britain, Ceylon?S.L. (1972)
• Britain favored Tamilsprelude to civil war

• Maldives
• 17. When did the Maldives gain independence, from
  who?
• 1965 from Britain

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Male, Maldives
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Modern South Asia

• Pakistan/Bangladesh
• 18. What is significant about 1971?
• - Indo-Pakistani War b/w East West, India
  fought against West Pak.? Bangladesh created
• Extremely violent
• (began with genocide
• against Bengali Hindus)

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Modern South Asia

• 19. List 2 regional conflicts.
• Kashmir disputed b/w India Pakistan
• Nuclear weapons add to tension
• Tamils want independent state w/in Sri Lanka
  (civil war)
• Hindus vs. Muslims all over region

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Modern South Asia

• 20. List the type of government of each country.
• India largest democracy in world
• Pakistan Islamic Republic with military
  involvement (unstable)
• Sri Lanka Bangladesh democracies w/
  instability due to ethnic clashes
• Nepal Maldives was monarchy, now democracy
  (2008, 1968 respectively)
• Bhutan Democracy w/ monarch (2007)