A Brief History of Israel

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A Brief History of Israel
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Ancient Israel

• 1900 B.C. Jewish ancestors arrive in modern day
  Israel.
• 1000 B.C. became know as Hebrews
• 586 B.C. Hebrews were defeated and exiled from
  their lands by the Babylonians.
• Some remained
• 70 A.D. Roman Empire destroy city of Jerusalem
• 614 A.D. Persian Empire captures Jerusalem.
• Country of Palestine first appears.
• 1099 A.D. European Crusaders capture Jerusalem
• 1517 A.D. Ottoman Empire capture Jerusalem

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Map of Ancient Israel
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Ottoman Empires Effect on Israel

• Under Ottoman Empire Jews, Christians and Muslims
  could all practice their own religions and
  beliefs.
• By the late 1700s the different religions and
  cultures began to fight.
• Jews began to leave Israel.
• Over 10 million Jews were scattered across the
  world prior to 1914.
• By 1914 almost 85,000 Jews had returned to the
  Ottoman controlled Palestine and Jerusalem.
• These Jews were called Zionists.
• They were named after the hill in Jerusalem.
• Many Palestinian Muslims began to worry they
  would loss their lands.
• 1917 A.D. British defeat Ottoman Empire during
  WWI and capture Jerusalem.

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Map of Ottoman Empire
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British Rule of Palestine 1917-1945

• After WWI all Arabs within Palestine were
  promised they would be granted the right of
  self-determination.
• Self-determination the right to decide their own
  political future.
• Fighting between Arabs and Jews increased.
• Arabs boycotted Jewish businesses, burned bridges
  and destroyed crops.
• Many Jews retaliated against the Arabs. Many
  people died.
• Britain passed a law restricting the number of
  Jews to Palestine
• 1933 Adolf Hitler became leader of Nazi Germany
  and began persecuting all Jewish people of
  Europe.
• By 1939 many Jews fled to Palestine increasing
  their numbers to over 445,000 Jews.

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Creation of Israel

• By the end of WWII in 1945 over 6,000,000 Jews
  had been killed by Nazi Germany.
• This is called the Holocaust.
• Creation of Modern Israel
• Many Jewish organizations demanded that Britain
  allow more Jews into Palestine and help create
  their own state.
• 1947 The United Nations took control over
  Palestine to the United Nations (UN).
• British government withdrew its occupation and
  control
• The UN decided to split Palestine into two
  countries
• Israel Palestine
• Many Arabs were angry over this and went to war
  with Israel.
• By 1948 Israel controlled almost all of
  Palestine.
• Both Jordan and Egypt claimed the rest of
  Palestine
• Palestinians left without a country!

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Map of Modern Israel
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Israel vs. Arabs

• 1956 War over control of Suez Canal
• 1967- Six Day War Israel defeats all neighbors
  and captures Gaza, West Bank and Golan Heights.
• 1973 - Arabs defeated again by Israel. Middle
  Eastern Nations embargo oil to Israels allies.
• 1979 President Carter brings Israel and Egypt
  together at Camp David.
• 1993 Palestinians get Gaza Strip.

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Continuing Conflict Between Palestinians and
Israel

• 1949 many Palestinians took refuge in the Gaza
  strip which was controlled by Egypt.
• Gaza Strip is a narrow strip of land along the
  Mediterranean Sea that is occupied by over
  750,000 Palestinian refugees.
• 1967 Israel went to war with Egypt, Jordan, Syria
  and Lebanon. Israel won and took control over the
  Gaza Strip and the West Bank.
• West Bank Located on the eastern border of
  Israel and Jordan. Over one million Palestinian
  refugees remained in the West Bank. Those that
  left could not return to their homes.
• 1967-1991 the Palestinian Liberation
  Organization (PLO) and the Israeli government
  conducted terrorist and military attacks against
  each other.
• During this time many Israeli citizens moved to
  both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.
• 1991-2000Israel and the PLO met in Madrid, Spain
  to discuss peace talks.
• Israel handed over political control of Gaza
  Strip and many cities within the West Bank to the
  Palestinians.
• Mistrust between the Israeli government towards
  the Palestinians and the peace treaty irrupted
  into a violent conflict. Hundreds died.