Indian Removal and the Trail of Tears

1
Indian Removal and the Trail of Tears

• Jackson -
• William Henry Harrison

2
Civilizing the Tribes

• 125,000 Native Americans still remained east of
  Mississippi
• Whites attempted to civilize the Natives
• Promote literacy
• Private property
• Alphabet
• Agriculture
• Cotton
• Slaveholding
• Constitution
• 5 Civilized Tribes Creeks, Choctaws,
  Chickasaws, Seminoles, and Cherokees

3
Changing the Lines

• 1790s tribes were separate nations and land was
  acquired by treaties
• By the early 1800s whites redrew boundaries
  whenever they wanted

4
Cherokee Indians

• Lived peacefully in the Appalachian Mountains of
  Georgia and Tennessee
• Adopted culture of whites - wrote and spoke
  English
• Had own written language and newspaper
• Based their government on the U.S. Constitution

5
Worchester v. Georgia

• Supreme Court ruled the Cherokee were a Domestic
  Dependent Nation
• They didnt have to listen to the state, but they
  did have to listen to the federal govt
• Marshall ruled that GA couldnt take Cherokee
  Lands
• Jackson Marshall can rule, but lets see him
  enforce it.

6
President Andrew Jackson
Chief Justice John Marshall has made his
decision. Now let him enforce it.

1. What is the job of the Supreme Court?
2. What is the job of the President?
3. What should happen if a government official
   refuses to do his job?

7
Black Hawk War

• 1827 - US govt says all Native Americans must
  leave Illinois
• Chief Black Hawk of the Sauk refuses, saying no
  one can own land
• US settlers moved into village when they were
  away hunting
• After Sauk attacks, US troops drive out Indians

8
Indian Removal Act

• President Jackson pushes Congress to force
  Indians to move west of the Mississippi
• Congress established Indian Territory (now
  Oklahoma) as the new Indian homeland
• US govt creates Bureau of Indian Affairs

9
John C. Calhoun
One of the greatest evils to which they
(Indians) are subject is the incessant (constant)
pressure of our population.

1. According to John C. Calhoun, why is the US
   government forcing the Native Americans to move
   off of their homelands?
2. What is wrong with this statement?

10
Trail of Tears

• Georgia govt. smashes in Cherokee printing press
• US troops move 15,000-18,000 Cherokee at gunpoint
  800 miles from 1838-1839
• 25 of Cherokee died - most elderly and children

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• WAS THE TRAIL OF TEARS AMERICAS GENOCIDE?

13
King Andrew v. Whigs

• Whig Party anti Jackson chose name to
  recollect American opposition to a monarch
• Members
• Anti Jackson
• Support Clays American System
• Southerners who wanted nullification
• Northern industrialists and merchants
• Evangelical Protestants of the Anti Masonics
• Sectionalism?

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Whigs

• Progressive Thinkers
• Support active govt
• Internal improvements
• Institutions (prisons and schools)

16
Martin Van Buren v. WhigsElection of 1836

• Martin Van Buren Walking in Jacksons boots
• Whigs couldnt nominate a single presidential
  candidate

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Van Buren As President

• Democrats resented him
• Couldnt fill Jacksons boots
• Wanted to remain neutral

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Panic of 1837

• Speculation
• Wildcat Banks
• Jacksons finance
• Failure of crops
• Martin Van Ruin

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Election of 1840

• William Henry Harrison
• War Hero
• Old Tippecanoe
• Log Cabin and Hard Cider
• FFV of Virginia

• Martin Van Buren
• Current President of hard times