Cranes, Forklifts

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Cranes, Forklifts Material Handling

• This month we are going to look at a
• basic understanding of the requirements
• for safely working with with cranes and
• forklifts.
• Cranes
• Forklifts

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Cranes

• Types of cranes
• Overhead
• Gantry
• Crawler
• Locomotive
• Truck
• Jib

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Overhead Crane

• Inspections
• One of the most important requirements
• for keeping associates safe.

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Two Primary Types

• Frequent Daily Monthly inspections
• Periodic 1 to 12 month interval

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Frequent Inspections

• Daily
• Each day the crane is used, an inspection
• should be conducted prior to use.

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Daily Inspections

• All functional operating mechanisms
• Deterioration or leakage of lines if air or
  hydraulics are used
• Hooks with deformation or cracks.
• (Overloading primary cause)
• Hoist chains and wire rope including end
  connectors for excessive wear, twist, distorting,
  broken lays and stretch beyond the manufacturers
  recommendations.

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Monthly Inspections

• Hooks with deformation or cracks monthly
  inspection with a certification record which
  includes the date of inspection, the signature of
  the person who performed the inspection and the
  serial number, or other identifier, of the hook
  inspected.
• Discard hooks with cracks or having more than 15
  percent in excess of normal throat opening or
  more than 10 degrees of twist from the plane of
  the unbent hook.

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Wire Rope

• It is important that your wire rope is
• inspected monthly for damaged.
• There is specific inspection criteria for
• wire rope. Check your manufacturer.

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Wire Rope Damage
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Hoist/Sling Chains/Frequent

• Hoist chains, including end connectors for
• excessive wear, twist, distorted links
  interfering
• with proper function, or stretch beyond
• manufacturers recommendations.
• Daily visual inspection
• monthly with a certification record.

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Chain Inspection Examples

10 Wear      Nicks, Cracks    5 Stretch    
Twisted Links or Deformed Hardware
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Synthetic Slings
Slings should be inspected before each use. Load
capacities should be read on the tag to insure
the sling will carry the load. Some slings have
red fiber technology. This is a warning that
the sling has been over stressed or damaged.
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Remove Sling From Service

• acid or caustic burns
• melting or charring of any part of the sling
• snags, punctures, tears or cuts
• broken or worn stitches
• distortion of fittings
• missing, illegible or incomplete tag
• knots in any part of the sling
• "excessive" abrasion
• other visible damage that causes doubt as to the
  strength of the sling.

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Examples Of Damaged Slings

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Material Handling

• What factors contribute to forklift trucks
• accidents?
• Many work-related factors can cause
• accidents. Grouping them into specific
• categories may help to analyze accidents
• and, eventually, to prevent them.

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• What factors of work organization can
• contribute to forklift trucks accidents?
• Lack of training or improper training of workers
  who have to operate forklift trucks.
• Production factors such as speed or stress.
• Lack of proper tools, attachments and
  accessories.
• Improper assignment of forklifts and operators.
• Poor maintenance of forklifts.
• Age of forklifts.

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• What behavioral and operational factors
• can contribute to forklift trucks accidents?
• Improper backing up techniques.
• Improper turning.
• Improper warnings to others about a forklift in
  use nearby.
• Poor communication during shared tasks, or in
  shared spaces.
• Riding or giving rides on forklift or load.
• Parking the forklift improperly.
• Improper blocking of wheels on semi-trailers or
  railway cars.
• Horseplay stunt driving jerky, erratic driving.
  
• Inadequate servicing of the forklift.

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• How can workplace design contribute to
• forklift trucks accidents?
• Narrow aisles.
• Crowded, cluttered aisles.
• Obstructions at intersections and doors.
• Volume of traffic in work area.
• Walking and working in the general area of
  forklift operations.
• Other workplace conditions such as noise, odors,
  toxic gases, dust, or poor lighting.
• Many ramps with different surfaces.
• Condition of loading dock.

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• What characteristics of the load
• create a hazard?
• Poorly stacked or piled on the pallet.
• Pallets in poor repair.
• Load too heavy.
• Load unstable or blocking vision.

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• What mechanical conditions or design
• features increase the risk for forklift
• accidents?
• Malfunction of brakes.
• Malfunction of steering.
• Malfunction of clutch, shift linkage, or
  transmission.
• Malfunction of mast assembly.
• Leaks in hydraulic systems or transmission.
• Safety devices lacking, inadequate, or
  malfunctioning.
• Emissions from forklifts.
• "Blind spots" or obstructions blocking driver's
  view.
• Poor layout of controls and displays.