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?? (Group theory)

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Title: (Group theory) Author: sc Last modified by: sc Created Date: 11/21/2003 5:58:06 AM Document presentation format: Company: snu – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ?? (Group theory)


1
?? (Group theory)
  • ?? ?
  • ?? ??
  • ?? ??
  • ?? ???? ??

http//mathworld.wolfram.com/topics/GroupTheory.ht
ml
2
?? ?
  • ???
  • Fp 0, 1, 2, , p-1http//mathworld.wolfram.com
    /CyclicGroup.html
  • ??? 1,2,,n?????? ?? 1?1?????
  • ???, ???? ????? ???? ??.

3
??? ??? ???
  • I, r
  • Ir r, rr 1

I r
I I r
r r I
4
???? ???(Symmetry)
X
X
  • I ????
  • V 120? ??
  • W 240? ??
  • I, X, Y, Z, V, W? ???? ?? ????.

Y
Z
5
???
I V W X Y Z
I I V W X Y Z
V V W I Z X Y
W W I V Y Z X
X X Y Z I V W
Y Y Z X W I V
Z Z X Y V W I
6
?(group)? ??
  • X ??, X x X ? X ??
  • G1 ?? ?? x,y,z? ??? (xy)z x(yz)
  • G2 ?? e? ???? xe x ex
  • G3 ??? x? ??? y? ???? xy yx e

7
?? ??
  • ??? (Abelian group) ?? ab ba
  • ??? ??? ???
  • ??? ??? ???
  • Homomorphism ??? ???? ?? f(ab) f(a) f(b)
  • Isomorphism ???? homomorphism

8
???? ??? ??
  • (1) ?? ??? ???.
  • (2) ???? ?? ?? ???.

9
20?? ?
?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??.
????? ? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? 120? 240?
??? ????. ??? 20? ?? 30?? ??? ?? ??? 15??? 12??
?????? ??? 24???. ??? ? 60?? ??? ??.
http//mathworld.wolfram.com/IcosahedralGroup.html

10
20???? ???? ??? ??
11
??? (???)
  • a, b, c ???? ?? 1 ?1 ??? (6?)

pI q(23) r(1,2) s(3,2,1) t(1,2,3) u(1,3)
a a a b b c c
b b c a c a b
c c b c a b a
12
???
p q r s t u
p p q r s t u
q q p t u r s
r r s p q u t
t t u q p s r
u u t s r q p
13
Isomorphism ????
  • p ? I, q ? x, r ? z, s? v, t ? w, u ? y? ???
    ??? ? ??????? isomorphism
  • F6 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5? ?????? ??.
  • 3?? ???? F6 ? ??????.
  • f(0) I, f(1)w, f(2) v, f(3) x, f(4)y,
    f(5)z? ?? f(12) f(3) x, f(1)f(2) wv I?
    f? ????? ???.
  • ??? 6! 720?? ???? ??.
  • ??? 3?? ???? ??? ???.

14
?? ???
  • ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??.
  • ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??.

15
???
  • ??? ??? ?? ????
  • I, v, w, x, y, z
  • Hx, y, z, xy v ? ?? ????. H? ???? ???.
  • ???? I, w, v, I, x, I, y, I, z, I???.

16
???
  • ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???.

17
(No Transcript)
18
?? ??? ?
  • http//mathworld.wolfram.com/DihedralGroup.html
  • http//mathworld.wolfram.com/GeneralLinearGroup.ht
    ml
  • http//mathworld.wolfram.com/SpecialLinearGroup.ht
    ml
  • Chevalley ? http//mathworld.wolfram.com/Projecti
    veSpecialLinearGroup.html http//mathworld.wolfram
    .com/ProjectiveSpecialLinearGroup.html
    http//mathworld.wolfram.com/ProjectiveSpecialLine
    arGroup.html

19
???
  • ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ??. F G ? H ??? ??? ???? ???
    ??.
  • ??? H? G?? ??? 1?? trivial?? ?? ?? ?? H? ???????.
  • Icosaheral ?? ????? 60?? ??? ??? ??.

A5 ? ????.
20
???? ?
  • Zp
  • ??? ??? ??? ???? 1? 2x2 ??PSL(n, Z)
  • ???? ?? Z? Zp? ??? PSL(n, q) PSL(n, Zp )
  • ?? ????
  • An n ? 5? ??? ???? sign? ???? ???? ??? ????
    ?????.

21
???? ?? http//mathworld.wolfram.com/SimpleGroup.h
tml
  • 1. Cyclic groups of prime group order,
  • 2. Alternating groups of degree at least five,
  • 3. Lie-type Chevalley groups,
  • 4. Lie-type twisted Chevalley groups or the Tits
    group, and
  • 5. The sporadic groups (Monster
    group).http//mathworld.wolfram.com/SporadicGroup
    .html
  • http//www.ams.org/notices/199502/solomon.pdf

http//www.ams.org/online_bks/surv40-1/
22
?? ??
  • ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? 20?? ??? ?? ???.
    ??? ??? ???? ????
  • ???? Cartan ?? ???? ??? ??? ??. ????? ??????
    ???? ??? ??? ???? ???.
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