Medical Achievements

1
Medical Achievements

• Cancer, AIDS, Stem Cell

2
Cancer Achievements

• Newer drugs seem to be making a bigger difference
  for small, specific groups of patients, as
  companies develop treatments that more precisely
  target genes behind subtypes of cancer.
• More of the drugs being developed today are pills
  rather than infusions.
• Shorter, more focused radiation treatments are
  showing promise.
• New drugs have eased the nausea and vomiting that
  have made many cancer patients fear chemotherapy.

3
Cancer rates in the 1990s

• More than 40,000 women were diagnosed with breast
  cancer each year for the first time in the 1990s
• In 1998, lung cancer ceased to be the most common
  men's cancer, and prostate cancer took the lead
• Lung cancer is now the most common cancer
  worldwide, and the number of people diagnosed
  with the disease has doubled since 1975

4
Finding the Breast Cancer Gene

• The breast cancer gene, BRCA 1, is responsible
  for the majority of families with multiple cases
  of breast and ovarian cancer

5
Cervical Cancer

• Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes the vast
  majority of cervical cancers worldwide
• Gardasil Vaccine approve by the FDA in 2006

6
Prostate Cancer

• A new drug called abiraterone was developed,
  which is now being studied as a treatment for
  advanced hormone-resistance prostate and breast
  cancer

7
Cancer Rates during the 2000s

• Today more than 300,000 people are newly
  diagnosed with cancer each year. The overall
  cancer death rate continues to fall but cancer
  still causes one in four deaths every year
• Breast cancer survival rates continue to improve
  these days more than three-quarters of women
  diagnosed will survive their disease for 10 years
  or more.
• Lung cancer incidence rates in men have dropped
  by 10 since the year 2000 alone.

8
Hormones and Cancer

• Current or recent use of certain types of hormone
  replacement therapy increases a womens risk of
  breast cancer
• Ovarian cancers can be prevented by the long-term
  use of the contraceptive pill.

9
Hunting Cancer Genes

• Scientists have made a series of breakthroughs
  pinpointing new regions of our genome linked to
  breast, bowel, prostate, lung, and brain tumors
• These gene variations could potentially be used
  as genetic markers for predicting risk and in
  screening
• http//abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/cancer-health-brea
  kthrough-medicine-science-doctors-13768039

10
1990s HIV Treatments

• The FDA approved AZT in 1987, thousands of HIV
  positive people had been prescribed the drug
• In 1992 ddC was used in combination with AZT,
  which was the first successful use of combination
  drug therapy for the treatment of AIDS in
  America.
• In November 1994 a study showed that AZT reduced
  the risk of HIV transmission from infected
  mothers to their babies by two thirds

11
1990s HIV Treatments

• In 1995 the drug 3TC had been approved for use
  in combination with AZT in treating AIDS and HIV.
  
• The trials had shown that 3TC had less severe
  side effects than the others already on the
  market.

12
1990s HIV Treatments

• Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART).
• It proved to significantly delay the onset of
  AIDS, and the life expectancy of HIV positive
  people was greatly increased.

13
1990s HIV Treatments

• In 1997 it was reported that, for the first that
  the number of deaths from AIDS had dropped
  substantially across America
• This decline was largely attributed to the drug
  treatment of those living with HIV

14
2000s HIV Treatments

• By 2003 a new drug that was used as entry
  inhibitor - was approved by the FDA
• There was more hope for those who had developed
  resistance to the existing medications. (HAART of
  the 1990s)

15
2000s HIV Treatment

• In 2006 the first once-a-day single combination
  pill for the treatment of HIV was approved by the
  FDA-Atripla tablets
• The significant progress in treatment proved to
  be particularly important to thousands of HIV
  positive Americans whose treatment had been
  failing due to drug resistance.

16
2000s HIV Treatment

• As of January 2012, SAV001 has been approved by
  the FDA to start testing
• Researchers are hopeful that this vaccine will
  prevent HIV negative people from contracting the
  virus

17
How did the government attempt to educate
Americans?

• Donors and taxes were spent on medical research,
  support groups and education on the virus

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vztenOFAGmCE
18
What are Stem Cells?

• Stem cells are cells that have the potential to
  develop into some or many different cell types in
  the body
• Serving as a sort of repair system, they can
  theoretically divide without limit to replenish
  other cells for as long as the person or animal
  is still alive.

19
The Promise of Stem Cell

• Studying stem cells will help us understand how
  they transform into the dazzling array of
  specialized cells that make us what we are.
• Some of the most serious medical conditions, such
  as cancer and birth defects, are due to problems
  that occur somewhere in this process.
• A better understanding of normal cell development
  will allow us to understand and perhaps correct
  the errors that cause these medical conditions

20
Different types

• Non-embryonic stem cells
• Umbilical cords
• Adult stem cells-No rejection
• More successful
• Embryonic stem cells
• Left over of in vitro fertilization
• Complications Tumors

21
Stem Cell Controversy

• When stem cells are taken from an embryo, the
  embryo loses its viability it cannot become
  implanted into a womb or develop into a fetus.
• Some believe that is destroying human life
• Others see great promise in what stem cells might
  do to cure illnesses such as Alzheimers disease
  and Parkinsons disease, it is immoral not to
  move forward with such research.
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v3Axkn8G18t8

22
Stem Cell Controversy

• Taxpayer dollars to conduct research that some
  taxpayers find morally wrong
• Murder? Abortion debate
• Potential to cure diseases
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v63Uqp9VcCq4feature
  fvwrel
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vujbLSt-7-9k