Families of elements

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Families of elements
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Li

• Government officials claim that Bolivia possesses
  the worlds biggest lithium reserves
•  Lithium has many different uses
• Lithium vapor is used to prevent carbon dioxide
  and oxygen from forming scale in furnaces in
  heat-treating steel
• One of the most important compounds, (and uses)
  of lithium is a lithium carbonate, a common
  mineral used in the treatment of bipolar disorder
  and some forms of depression.

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Na

• Na is a shiny gray metal which quickly oxidizes.
  At room temperature sodium is soft and can be
  cut with a knife

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K

•  Potassium is the least dense known metal. It is
  so soft, and it is easily cut with a knife.
  Immediately after a fresh surface is exposed, it
  has a silvery appearance. These are the physical
  properties of Potassium.

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Rb

• Rubidium can be liquid at ambient temperature,
  but only on a hot day given that its melting
  point is about 40C. It is a soft, silvery-white
  metallic element of the alkali metals group
  (Group 1). It is one of the most most
  electropositive and alkaline elements

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Cs

•   Cesium is found in large amounts in Bernic
  Lake, Manitoba, Canada
• The color of cesium is a silvery white, it is
  ductile and soft.
• Cesium has the most isotopes out of all the
  elements.

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• Alkali metal - one of the __________ on the Group
  one of the Periodic Table
• The alkali metals are very reactive
• They are soft and shiny and reacts violently with
  water
• Ex. Sodium must be storage in oil
• An atom of alkali metal is very reactive because
  it has one valence electron that can easily be
  removed to form a positive ion

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Be

•  Beryllium is a light gray metal
• Beryllium metal is available commercially and
  would never, under normal conditions, be made in
  a laboratory
• Beryllium metal dust can cause major lung damage,
  and beryllium salts are very toxic

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Mg

•    Magnesium has many different properties. It is
  a solid (state of matter) in the form of metal in
  certain circumstances. It is lightweight, but
  strong as a metal. Pure magnesium is silvery
  white, soft, ductile, and is a malleable metal
  that oxidizes in the air. It is a very highly
  reactive metal and it dissolves in acids

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Ca

• A soft, gray, metallic element that tarnishes
  rapidly on exposure to air. Calcium is one of the
  alkaline earth metals

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Sr

• A silvery white metal that can form long needle
  shaped crystals. It is reactive and easily
  oxidizes if exposed to the air

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Ba

• barium platinocyanide was the first radiation
  detector. It was a glowing screen of barium
  platinocyanide that alerted Wilhelm Rontgen to
  the fact that some mysterious ray was being
  produced by a gas discharge tube that he was
  using to investigate cathode rays. He named these
  mysterious new type of radiation x-rays. 

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• Alkaline-earth metal one of the elements in Group
  2 of the Periodic Table
• Atoms of alkaline-earth metal have two valence
  electrons, are less reactive than alkali metals,
  but they are still react to form positive ions
  with a 2 charge.
• Alkaline-earth metals combine with other
  elements, form compounds

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Mn

•  Manganese color is usually grayish-white this
  means that it does have iron in it. But Manganese
  is used as a depolarizer in ordinary dry cells.
  It is also used to decolorize glass that is
  colored green. This glass is colored green
  because of impurities of iron found in the glass.
  Manganese by itself colors the glass. The dioxide
  is also used in the preparation of oxygen and
  chlorine.

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Fe

• Iron and iron alloys (steels) are by far the most
  common metals and the most common ferromagnetic
  materials in everyday use.

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Cu

• Because of its many desirable properties, such as
  its conductivity of electricity and heat, its
  resistance to corrosion, its malleability and
  ductility and its beauty, copper has long been
  used in a wide variety of applications. The prime
  uses are electrical, because of copper's
  extremely high conductivity, which is second only
  to that of silver

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Zn

•  Zinc is a reasonable conductor of electricity,
  but it burns at a high red heat. The high red
  heat produces a evolutionary white cloud of oxide
  
•  Zinc is used in making alloys, and a trumpet is
  a form of an alloy

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• The transitional metals are located in the middle
  of the Periodic table
• Transitional metals one of the elements of groups
  __ - __ of the periodic table
• The transitional metals _____, _____ and _______
  are often shaped to make jewelry

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Al

•  Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the
  earth's crust. Aluminum is a silver colored,
  lightweight metal
• It is never found as a free metal.
• Bauxite is the commercial source of aluminum

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Pb (Lead) Sn(tin)(other metals)
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• Most metals are shiny solids that can be
  stretched and shaped. They are good conductors of
  heat and electricity.
• Nonmetals may be solids, liquids or gases, they
  are dull or brittle and are poor conductors of
  heat and electricity
• Some of these elements can conduct under certain
  conditions, and are called semiconductors or
  metalloids

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B

•   Boron is not found free in nature, but it is
  found in volcanic spring water and as orthoboric
  acid. It is also found as borates in boron and
  colemantie. Ulexite, also a boron mineral, is
  natures own version of fiber optics.

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Si

•  Silicon has many uses. It is used in such things
  as the silicon-steel alloys.. Other alloys of
  silicon are copper, brass, and bronze.    
• Silicon is a semiconductor, where the resistivity
  to electrical flow is in the range between that
  of metals and insulators.

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• Silicon chips are the basic building blocks on
  computers

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As

•  The most widely known use of arsenic is as a
  poison. It is used in bug, weed, and rat poisons.
  It is also highly toxic to humans and can cause
  cancer when it comes in contact with humans.

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• Nonmetals- halogens,
• - noble gas
• - other nonmetals
• Halogens are in the second column from the right
  of the periodic table (the 17th group)
• Noble gases- are located on the right edge of the
  periodic table
• Noble gas an unreactive element of group 18 of
  the periodic table

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F

• Fluorine in the most reactive element of all the
  elements. It is also electronegative. It is a
  corrosive, pale yellow gas that reacts with
  everything
•  Fluorine is a very useful element. The fluorine
  industry is a profitable industry for and
  important element. Cleaning detergents,
  toothpaste and other household items have
  fluorine in them somewhere.

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Br

•   It is a heavy, volatile, mobile, and dangerous
  element. The red vapor is strong and unpleasant
  odor and irritates the eye and the throat. If
  spilled on your skin it will produce painful
  sores
•  Bromine has many uses. One is fumigants, used
  as a pesticide to kill pests

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Ne

• Neon is used mostly for advertising. Because of
  its unique and bright glow it makes when
  electricity passes through it
• Neon lights can last up to twenty years or maybe
  even more. Airports use neon lights because it
  has the ability to penetrate fog better.

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Ar

•  Argon is used in electric light bulbs,
  fluorescent tubes, and is used for fliling
  incandescent light bulbs. In incandescent light
  bulbs the argon replaces the oxygen-rich air that
  corrodes the Tungsten filament and causes
  blackening of the bulb. It can also be used in a
  neon lamp. The pure neon gives off a red color,
  where as argon gives a blue color

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• Uranium is a silvery-white metal

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Pu

• Pure plutonium is silvery, but acquires a
  yellowish tarnish as it oxidizes