Title: The New Deal
1The New Deal
2Chapter Overview
- FDR launches a program aiming to end the Great
Depression. The Depression and Roosevelts New
Deal have profound effects on the nation.
3The New Deal Fights Depression
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt
- Inauguration, March 1933
- 20th Amendment
- The New Dealprogram designed to alleviate the
Great Depression - 3 Goals
- Relief for needy
- Economic recovery
- Financial reform
4The New Deal Fights Depression
- The Hundred DaysMarch 9-June 16
- Congress passed more than 15 major pieces of New
Deal legislation - Expanding the role of government
- The Importance of the Fireside Chat
- Explained the New Deal in clear, simple language
- Explained the banking system
5The New Deal Fights Depression
- Regulating Banking and Finance1st Step
- Emergency Banking Relief Actauthorized
inspection of the countrys banks - StableOpen UnstableClosed
- Glass-Steagall ActEstablished FDIC
- Provide federal insurance for individual bank
accounts up to 5,000 - Federal Securities ActStock companies
responsible for misrepresentation - Securities Exchange Commissionregulate the
stock market prevent insider trading
6The New Deal Fights Depression
- Rural Assistance
- Agricultural Adjustment Actraise crop prices by
lowering production - Tennessee Valley Authorityrenovated
constructed dams in order to generate electricity
and prevent floods
7The New Deal Fights Depression
- Providing Work Projects
- Civilian Conservation Corpsput young men (18-25)
to work building roads, developing parks,
planting trees, etc - Public Works Administrationprovided to state
to create jobs in construction of school
community buildings - Civil Works Administration (more of the same)
8The New Deal Fights Depression
- Promoting Fair Practices
- National Industrial Recovery Act
- National Recovery Administrationset prices to
ensure fair competition and establish standards
for working hours - Food, Clothing and Shelter
- Home Owners Loan Corporation
- Federal Housing Administration
- Federal Emergency Relief Administration
9The New Deal Fights Depression
- The People React
- Conservativestoo much spent
- Liberalsnot enough done
- The Supreme Court Reacts
- Called several New Deal programs
unconstitutionalthey gave too much power to
federal government - AAA, NIRA
- Court Packing
- FDR suggests 6 new justices be added
- Ultimately adds 7 of his choice over next 4 years
10The Second New Deal Takes Hold
- Reelecting FDR
- 1936, overwhelming victory
- The Second New Deal
- Called for more extensive relief for farmers
workers - Helping Farmers
- Replaced 1st AAA with Soil Conservation
Domestic Allotment Act - 2nd Agriculture Adjustment Act
- Farm Security Administrationloaned to farmers
to buy land
11The Second New Deal Takes Hold
- Work Progress Administration
- create as many jobs as possible
- Built airports, roads, sewed clothes
- Criticized because private companies should give
jobs, not the government - National Youth Administration
- specifically to provide education, jobs,
counseling recreation to young people
12The Second New Deal Takes Hold
- Improving Labor Conditions
- Wagner Actprotected workers rights to join
unions prohibited unfair labor practices - National Labor Relations Boardto hear about
unfair labor practices and provide workers union
representation - Social Security Act
- Old-age insurance for retirees 65 or older
spouses - Unemployment compensation
- Aid to families with dependent children disabled
13The Second New Deal Takes Hold
- Expanding and Regulating Utilities
- Rural Electrification Administrationfinanced and
worked with electrical cooperatives to bring
electricity to isolated areas - 1935, 12.6...1945, 48...1949, 90
- Pg 500New Deal Programs Chart
14The New Deal Affects Many Groups
- WOMEN
- Eleanor Roosevelt pressured her husband to
appoint women to government jobs - Frances Perkins1st female cabinet member
Secretary of Labor - Also appointed 2 female diplomats a female
federal judge
15The New Deal Affects Many Groups
- AFRICAN AMERICANS
- Appointed 100 to key positions in the government
- Mary McLeod Bethune
- head of Negro Affairs of the National Youth
Administration - Organized Black Cabinet of influential African
Americans to advise FDR administration on racial
issues - Never fully committed to Civil Rights, but still
had support from black community because New Deal
was helping
16The New Deal Affects Many Groups
- NATIVE AMERICANS
- John Collierappointed commissioner of Indian
Affairs - Helped create Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
- Move away from assimilation
- Restored reservation land
17The New Deal Affects Many Groups
- New Deal Coalitionalignment of diverse groups
dedicated to supporting the Democratic Party - FDR gained much support from many different
groups
18Culture in the 1930s
- MOVIES
- Profitable time for Motion-Picture industry
- Films offered escape from hard realities
- End of Silent films talkies
- Movies
- Gone With the Wind
- The Wizard of Oz
- Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
19Culture in the 1930s
- Radio
- 90 of American homes had radios
- Fireside Chats
- Orson Wells War of the Worlds
- The Lone Ranger
- Soap Operas
- Woody Guthrie
20Culture in the 1930s
- Art
- More serious works
- Grant Wood American Gothic
- Federal Art Project (WPA)
- Literature
- Zora Neale Hurston
- Richard Wright
- John Steinbeck
- Federal Writers Project (WPA)
21The Impact of the New Deal
- FDR faced pressure to scale back New Deal
- New Deal expanded power of federal government
- Infused economy with millions
- Created federal jobs
- Attempted to regulate supply demand
- Increased government participation in labor
disputes - Regulate Banking FinanceFDIC, SEC
22The Impact of the New Deal
- Federal government greatly in debt
- Did not end depression, but helped thousands of
suffering men, women children - WWII would eventually end the Great Depression
23The Impact of the New Deal
- Lasting Legacies
- FDIC SEC to regulate banking investment
- Wagner Act Fair Labor Standards Act
- National Labor Relations Board still active today
- Social Security
- Government accepted responsibility for assisting
needy - Commodity Credit Corporation
- Loans made to farmers under AAA
- Tennessee Valley Authority
- National Park system, Dams