Napoleon Bonaparte - 1769-1821 - Day 2

1
Napoleon Bonaparte - 1769-1821 - Day 2

• EU - In times of crisis, people will turn to
  strong leaders to gain a sense of stability.
• Complete packet page 15 to review the rise of
  Napoleons Empire
• Log onto website, go to classwork documents, read
  napoleon and censorship.pdf and answer the
  Thinking it through question
• Complete packet page 16 to review the collapse of
  Napoleons Empire
• Actively Read p 19 about two views of Napoleon
  and answer questions 1-2
• Draw a cartoon illustrating the rise, the fall of
  and the legacy of Napoleon
• The cartoon will be completed individually on
  unlined paper, preferably in color.

2
France Under Napoleon

• Central Government is Strengthened
• 1) Reforms
• 1. Controls Economy
• 2. Builds Roads/ Canals
• 3. Public Schools the lycees
• 4. Concordat of 1801- Peace with the Church
• 5. He had the support of all Classes
• 2) Napoleonic Code
• Equality in law and justice
• Right to own property creates a permanent
  bourgeois society
• Religious Freedom
• Women lost rights
• Order over individual rights BUT heavy-handed
  police state under Minister of Police Fouche
• Restrictions on speech, press and political
  organizations
• More executions

3
France Under Napoleon Cont

• Slave uprising and a challenge to French
  authority needed to be put down
• Cost was too high and too many deaths lead to
  Napoleon removing French troops
• Sold Louisiana to the US to give the US a chance
  to compete with Britain and to get money for
  Frances European wars

4
Battle of Trafalgar
5. Napoleon wanted to destroy the British Navy to
break the continental blockade and so that France
would be able to invade the British Islands. The
two navies met at the naval Battle of Trafalgar.

• British Admiral Horatio Nelson defeated the
  French navy (Nelson died) and
• Britain was safe while
• France was cooped up on the European continent
  because
• The French Combined fleet was essentially
  destroyed

5
Subduing an Empire

• Key military factors and beliefs
• Individual Losses for overall Victory- OK with
  Napoleon
• Rapid Movement/ New Plans and Tactics-
• Napoleon was an artillery and overall military
  genius
• A. The Grand Empire
• 1. Annex- Add Territory- Belgium,
• Netherlands, Italy, Germany
• 2. Abolished H.R.E.- Creates 38
• Member Conference of the Rhine in what is now
  Germany
• 3. Part of Poland- the Grand Duchy of Warsaw
  conquered by Napoleon
• 4. Put family and friends on European Thrones
  (Joe Bonaparte- Spain)
• 5. Divorces Josephine- Married niece of Marie
  Antoinette- A Princess of Austria

6

• France v. Britain
• 1. 1805- Battle of Trafalgar- Admiral Nelson
  destroyed French Fleet
• 2. Continental System- Closed European Ports
  under French control to British Ships and British
  made goods
• 3. British Blockade- British navy cut off all
  traffic in and out of French ports
• Successes and Failures
• Continental System big failure
• Scarce Goods- Prices went up
• 3. Victories- led to Nationalism- French Pride

7
The End of an Era

• Challenges to Napoleons Empire
• Napoleons Armies viewed as oppressors, not
  liberators as he saw himself many riots and
  revolts throughout the empire.
• The Peninsula War Spanish and Portuguese
  resistance- 1808-1813
• Spanish loyal to former King, not his brother,
  troops sent in to insure Joe Bs rule.
• Guerilla Warfare- hit and run against the French
• Keeps troops occupied and bogged down in Spain
• Portugal refuses to participate in Continental
  Blockade. Troops sent to force cooperation.

8

• Attack on Russia- Defeat
• 1) Czar Alexander I stopped participating in the
  continental System
• 2) Napoleon invaded Russia, sending in the
  Grand Army (600,000)
• 3) Russians retreated east, employing the
  Scorched Earth tactic. (Good example of
  History Repeating itself- ask me).
• 4) Napoleon in Moscow By September, but could
  not stay during winter- no food
• - 600,000 men began journey, only between
  10,000 to 40,000returned.

Numbers vary these are from PBS Napoleon at War
9
IV. Downfall of Napoleon

• Russia, Great Britain, Prussia, Austria v.
  Napoleon
• Battle of Nations at Leipzig
• Napoleon is defeated, forced to Abdicate
• Exiled to Elba- Louis XVIII is placed on the
  Thrown
• B) Napoleon Returns for 100 days
• People Hate Louis 18- Economy is a mess, people
  and military still loyal to Napoleon
• Napoleon escapes Elba- organizes army, runs Louis
  out of France
• C) Waterloo-
• 1. June 18, 1815- Belgium
• 2. Defeated by the Duke of Wellington and
  General
• Blucher (Prussia)
• 3. Exiled to St. Helena forever

10
Interpreting Maps olt p 232 on pdf 19

1. Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, Confederation of
   Rhine (Germany), Duchy of Warsaw (Poland), Italy,
   Illyrian Provinces (Yugoslavia), Switzerland,
   Spain Russia, Prussia and Austria were allied
   with France by 1810, but not controlled by
   Napoleons France
2. About 1700 miles, 2800 km
3. North n w
4. Spain at Gibraltar
5. Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Great Britain, Ireland,
   Portugal, Sardinia, Sicily, Ottoman Empire were
   not controlled by or allied with Napoleon
6. There was more land allied with or controlled by
   Napoleon than unallied and unconquered.
7. 1600 miles or 2600km
8. Trafalgar, Ulm, Austerlitz, Wagram and Friedland

11
Viewpoints on Napoleonpp 18
1. Napoleon uses force and cunning to persuade
people He grew more and more dictatorial, further
and further encroaching (moving into and taking)
peoples liberty, and the independence of the
rest of Europe.
2. Napoleon is legitimate and should be
supported, not because of nobility but because he
will best protect the liberty of the 3rd Estate.
He also has right to rule because he leads the
successful army as it conquers all of France and
Europe.
12
V. Legacy of Napoleon

• Values of the French Revolution were spread
  throughout Europe equality, liberty, justice,
  the rights of man.
• France Government Centralized with Constitution
• Civil Code (Napoleonic codes) applicable to all
  citizens right to own property spreads
  bourgeois middle class property owners to all of
  Europe
• Limited Suffrage Elections
• Nationalism For European Nations
• Sold Louisiana Territory to U.S.
• Congress of Vienna and balance of European Power
  peace in Europe.

13
Membership Austria Prussia Russia France Great
Britain

• Goals
• Establish lasting peace in Europe (based on
  theory of balance of power)
• Prevent future French aggression
• Restore monarchs

Congress of Vienna

• Actions Taken
• Creation of some new powers
• Kingdom of Netherlands
• adding to Kingdom of Sardinia
• German Confederation
• Independent Switzerland
• Took land from France to return to pre-1792
  borders
• Developed Concert of Europe and Holy Alliance

• Legacy
• Short-term
• conservatives returned to power
• Revolts in many colonies like Brazil and Mexico
• Long-term
• 40 years of European peace
• France slightly weakened and Britain and Germany
  strengthened to balance France
• Rise of nationalism
• Implemented balance of power concept

Congress of Vienna