The Inner Planets

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The Inner Planets
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Mercury

• Closest planet to the sun
• Surface has many craters and looks like the moon
• Cliffs that may have formed from the iron rich
  core to cool and contract causing the crust to
  shrink
• Very little gravity
• Gases that could form an atmosphere easily escape
  
• Thin atmosphere made of sodium, potassium,
  helium, and hydrogen
• 450 C during day, -170 at night

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Venus

• 2nd planet from the sun
• Similar size and mass of the earth
• Atmosphere has 90 x the pressure then the earth
• Made up of mostly carbon dioxide
• Clouds contain droplets of sulfuric acid, give
  them a yellowish look.
• Solar energy is trapped by atmosphere, temp. can
  reach 470 C

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Earth

• 3rd Planet from the sun
• Average distance from the sun is 150 million
  kilometers. (93 million Miles)
• Surface temp. of earth allows water to exist in
  all three states (solids, liquids, and gas)
•       Ozone, ( O3) exists in the layer of the
  atmosphere known as the stratosphere
• Ozone protects life from the ultraviolet
  radiation

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Mars

• The fourth planet from the sun
• Red planet because of the iron oxide in the rocks
  
• Contains the largest volcano in the solar system
  (Olympus Mons)
• Large rift, zones have formed in the Martian
  Crust
• Has two polar ice caps that change in size
• Northern pole Water ice
• South Pole Frozen carbon dioxide

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• Mars is 55 million Km at the closest point to the
  earth (34,182,722 miles)
• Would take 3 years to get to mars
• Two moons Phobos and Deimos
• Long channels in the surface Flowing water
• Atmosphere is made up of Carbon Dioxide,
  nitrogen, argon
• Much thinner then ours

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Outer Planets
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Jupiter

• 5th planet from the sun
• Largest planet Has a faint ring around it
• Composed of mostly gases and liquid hydrogen,
  helium and some ammonia, methane and water vapor
• Great Red Spot (large hurricane)

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• 28 moons
• Four largest, Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto
• Gallileo discovered them in 1610
• Volcanoes continually erupt on Io
• Ocean of liquid water is hypothesized to exist
  under the ice crust of Europa

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Saturn

• Sixth planet from the sun
• Ringed planet
• Second largest
• Has the lowest density, so low that the planet
  would float on water
• Gaseous planet
• Atmosphere composed of hydrogen and helium

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• Has several broad rings made of ice and rocks
• At least 30 moons orbit Saturn, the largest being
  Titan
• The environment on Titan might be similar to
  the environment on earth before oxygen became a
  major atmospheric gas

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Titan
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Uranus

• Seventh planet from the sun
• 21 moons and additional satellites
• Has a system of thin, dark rings
• Atmosphere is composed of hydrogen, helium, and
  some methane gives the planet a distinctive
  bluish green color
• Axis of rotation is tilted on its side

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Neptune

• Is the 8th planet from the sun most of the time
• Methane in its atmosphere give neptune its blue
  green color
• Outer layer changes from gas to a slushlike layer
  (melted ice) towards the interior
• Towards the interior, this slushy material is
  thought to change into a solid

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• Has a great dark spot
• Winds in the gaseous portion exceed speeds of
  2400 km per hour
• Eight moons Triton is the most unique
• Has a great geyser that shoot gaseous nitrogen
  into space
• Also has rings that are thin in some places and
  thick in other places

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Triton and Neptune
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Pluto

• Is the farthest from the sun then any other
  planets during most of its orbit
• Dense atmosphere, only outer planet with a solid
  rocky surface
• Some people feel that Pluto was a moon that
  escaped from its orbit around Neptune
• Only moon Charon (considered the double planet)
  

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Sedna

• 10 planet from the sun
• It is twice as far from the sun as any other
  solar system object and three times farther than
  Pluto or Neptune.
• the orbit of Sedna is extreme elliptical
• it takes 10,500 years to circle the sun.
• On 15 March 2004, Sedna was discovered
• the surface temperature is about 400 degrees
  below zero Farenheit
• Sedna is at most about 1800 km in diameter

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