Chapter 2 The Solar System

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Chapter 2 The Solar System

• Section 1 Observing the Solar System

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Ch. 2, section 1 Observing the Solar System
Objectives

• Explain how the heliocentric and geocentric
  models of the solar system differ
• Describe Keplers discovery about the planets
  orbit
• Identify two factors that keep the planets in
  their orbits.

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GeocentricA description of the solar system in
which all of the planets revolve around Earth.
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2. HeliocentricA description of the solar
system in which all of the planets revolve around
the sun.
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3. EllipseAn elongated circle, or oval shape.
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4. InertiaThe tendency of a moving object to
continue in a straight line or a stationary
object to remain in place.
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1. In a _________________, Earth is at the center
of the revolving planets.
geocentric system
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2. In a _________________, Earth and the other
planets revolve around the sun.
heliocentric system
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3. Galileos two discoveries to support the
heliocentric system were- he saw __________
___________ revolving around Jupiter.- he also
saw that ____________ goes through phases similar
to those of Earths moon.http//www.youtube.
com/watch?vK6AHDhmJXKo
four
moons
Venus
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4. Kepler discovered that the orbit of each
planet is an __________.
ellipse
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5. Newton concluded that two factors _________
and __________ combine to keep the planets in
orbit.
inertia
gravity
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Chapter 2 The Solar System

• Section 2 The Sun

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Ch. 2, section 2 The Sun Objectives

• Explain how the sun gets its energy
• Identify the layers of the suns atmosphere
• Describe some features of the suns surface

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Nuclear FusionThe process by which hydrogen
atoms join together to form helium, releasing
energy.
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CoreThe central part of the sun, where nuclear
fusion occurs.
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3. PhotosphereThe inner layer of the suns
atmosphere.
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4. ChromosphereThe middle layer of the suns
atmosphere.
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5. CoronaThe outer layer of the suns
atmosphere.
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6. Solar windA stream of electrically charged
particles produced by the suns corona.
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7. SunspotA dark area of gas on the sun that
is cooler than surrounding gases.
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8. ProminenceA loop of gas that protrudes from
the suns surface, linking parts of sunspot
regions.
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9. Solar flareAn explosion of hydrogen gas
from the suns surface that occurs when loops in
sunspot regions suddenly connect.
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1. The suns __________ comes from nuclear fusion.
energy
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2. Nuclear fusion takes place in the suns
_________.
core
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3. The suns atmosphere has three layers the
____________, the ____________, and the
__________.
photosphere
chromosphere
corona
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4. During a _______________, you can see light
from the corona.
total solar eclipse
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5. Features on or above the suns surface include
___________, _____________, and ____________.
sunspots
prominences
solar flares
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Chapter 2 The Solar System

• Section 3 The Inner Planets

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Ch. 2, section 3. The Inner Planets Objectives

• Describe the main characteristics of the inner
  planets.

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Terrestrial planetsThe name given to the four
inner planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
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2. Retrograde rotationThe spinning motion of a
planet from east to west, opposite to the
direction of rotation of most planets and moons.
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3. Greenhouse effectThe trapping of heat by a
planets atmosphere.
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1. The four inner planets are ___________,
_________, __________, and ___________.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
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2. The four inner planets are __________ and have
_________ surfaces.
small
rocky
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3. The planet closest to the sun is __________.
Mercury
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4. Mercury has an extremely _________ atmosphere.
thin
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5. Venus rotates from __________ to _________,
the opposite direction from most other planets
and moons.
east
west
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6. The atmosphere of Venus is so _________ that
every day is a __________ one.
thick
cloudy
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7. Astronomers have found that some water remains
on Mars in the form of ___________ at its north
pole.
ice
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Chapter 2 The Solar System

• Section 4 The Outer Planets

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Ch. 2, section 4. The outer planets Objectives

• Describe the main characteristics of the gas
  giant planets
• Explain how Pluto differs from the outer planets

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Gas GiantsThe name given to the four outer
planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
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1. The four outer planets are __________,
_________, __________, and ___________.
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
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2. Because the gas giants have so much mass, they
exert a much stronger ____________ ___________
than the terrestrial planets.
gravitational
force
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3. The four outer planets have deep _____________.
atmospheres
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4. None of the gas giants has a __________
_________.
solid
surface
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5. An especially interesting feature in Jupiters
atmosphere is its ________ _________ ________.
Great
Red
Spot
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6. Jupiters four moons are ______, _______,
__________, and _________.
Europa
Io
Ganymede
Callisto
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7. Saturns rings are made of chunks of _________
and __________, each traveling in its own orbit.
ice
rock
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8. Strangely, Uranuss axis is tilted at an angle
of about ___________ from the vertical.
90 degrees
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9. Viewed from Earth, Uranus is rotating from
________ to _________ instead of from _________
to ___________.
top
bottom
side
side
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10. The planet Neptune was discovered as a result
of a ____________ ___________.
mathematical
prediction
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Chapter 2 The Solar System

• Section 5 Comets, Asteroids, and Meteors

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Ch. 2, section 5 Comets, Asteroids, and Meteors
Objectives

• Describe the characteristics of comets and
  asteroids
• Identify where meteoroids come from

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CometA ball of ice and dust whose orbit is a
long, narrow ellipse.
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2. AsteroidsObjects revolving around the sun
that are too small and too numerous to be
considered planets.
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3. Asteroid beltThe region of the solar system
between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, where
many asteroids are found.
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4. MeteoroidA chunk of rock or dust in space.
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5. MeteorA streak of light in the sky produced
by the burning of a meteoroid in Earths
atmosphere.
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6. MeteoriteA meteoroid that has hit Earths
surface.
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1. Comets are chunks of _________ and _________
whose orbits are usually very long , narrow
ellipses.
ice
dust
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2. Most asteroids revolve around the sun between
the orbits of _________ and __________.
Mars
Jupiter
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3. ___________ usually come from comets or
asteroids.
Meteoroids
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4. Meteoroids that enter the Earths atmosphere
are called ___________.
meteors
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5. Meteoroids that pass through the atmosphere
and hit Earths surface are called __________.
meteorites
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• Section 5 reading.
• Video
• Part 1 (922 minutes)
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vdku64Ad3agA
• Part 2 (1020 minutes) http//www.youtube.com/watc
  h?v29byorgwMGY

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Chapter 2 The Solar System

• Section 6 Is There Life Beyond Earth?

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Ch. 2, section 6 Is There Life Beyond Earth?
Objectives

• Describe what living things need to exist on
  Earth
• Explain why scientists are looking at Mars and
  Europa for signs of life

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Extraterrestrial lifeLife that arises outside
of Earth.
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1. Earth has ___________ and a ___________________
and ___________ for living things to survive.
liquid water
suitable temp. range
atmosphere
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2. Since life as we know it requires __________,
scientists hypothesize that ________ may have
once had the conditions needed for life to exist.
water
Mars
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3. If there is liquid water on ________, there
might also be life.
Europa