Objectives:

1

Life in the Colonies

• Objectives
• Describe the triangular trade and how it affected
  colonial society.
• Analyze why slavery grew in America.
• Explain the differences between the regions of
  the English Colonies as they developed.

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Life in the Colonies

• Population increase.
• Settlers 250,000 (1700) to 2,500,000 (1775)
• Slaves 28,000 to 500,000

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Triangular Trade
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The Middle Passage

• Shipping Africans to the West Indies.

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This plan above of a slave ship developed by
Clarkson and his co-workers shocked the public
when it appeared in 1789. It shows how 482 slaves
could be packed on board the Brookes of Liverpool
for the 6 to 8 week voyage to the West Indies.
The Brookes actually carried 609 slaves on one
voyage.
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There is one final poignant link. Under the slave
trade system people suffered to provide luxuries
like sugar, chocolate, coffee and tea for
colonists at an affordable price. This was
morally wrong but most people were not aware of
their wrongdoing until the abolitionist campaign
exposed it for what it was. Today, the people
who put those very same items on our table are
suffering because they do not get a fair price
for their production. Again, this is so we can
buy these relative luxuries at an affordable
price, again it is morally wrong and again people
are not aware of it. Who today is going to
point it out for them, and how?
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TaskMaking it Relevant!

• Research worker conditions in third world
  countries that produce goods for America.
• Write down what it is like to be a worker and
  what they are paid?
• In your opinionhow is this similar or dissimilar
  to the salve trade? Are they equally morally
  wrong?

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End Day 1
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Colonial Regions
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New England Colonies

• Colonies
• Massachusetts
• Connecticut
• New Hampshire
• Rhode Island
• Climate/Geography
• Cold winters and mild summers
• Soil was generally rocky, making farming
  difficult
• Cold winters reduced the spread of disease.

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New England Continued

• Religion
• Dominated by the Puritans, reformers seeking to
  purify Christianity, who came over from England
  to practice religion without persecution.
• Puritans followed strict rules and were
  intolerant of other religions
• Life in New England was dominated by church
• Severe consequences for those who failed to
  attend, or, those who spoke out against the
  Puritan ways.
• Economy
• Economy was largely dependent on the ocean
• Fishing (especially codfish) was most important
  to the New England economy
• Whaling, trapping, shipbuilding, and logging were
  important also.
• Shippers grew wealthy buying slaves from West
  Africa in return for rum, and selling the slaves
  to the West Indies in return for molasses. This
  process was part of triangular trade.
• Subsistence farming
• Farmers focus on growing enough food to feed
  their families

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Middle Colonies

• Colonies
• New York
• Pennsylvania
• New Jersey
• Delaware
• Climate/Geography
• temperate in climate with warm summers and cold
  winters
• This area had good coastal harbors for shipping
• Climate and land were ideal for agriculture
• These colonies were known as the breadbasket
  because of the large amounts of barley, wheat,
  oats, and rye that were grown here.

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Middle Colonies Continued

• Religion
• Religion varied, no single religion dominated
• Religious tolerance attracted immigrants from a
  wide-range of foreign countries who practiced
  many different religions.
• Quakers, Catholics, Jews, Lutherans and
  Presbyterians were among those religious groups
  that had significant numbers in the middle
  colonies.
• Economy
• Largely agricultural, farms in this region grew
  numerous kinds of crops, most notably grains and
  oats
• Logging, shipbuilding, textiles production, and
  papermaking
• Big cities such as Philadelphia and New York were
  major shipping hubs
• Craftsmen such as blacksmiths, silversmiths,
  cobblers, wheelwrights, wigmakers, milliners, and
  others contributed to the economies of such
  cities.

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Southern Colonies

• Colonies
• Maryland
• Virginia
• North and South Carolina
• Georgia
• Climate/Geography
• Warm climate with hot summers and mild winters
• The soil was perfect for farming and the growing
  season was longer than in any other region
• Hot summers, however, propagated diseases such as
  malaria and yellow fever.

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Southern Colonies Continued

• Religion
• Anglican (Baptist or Presbyterian)
• Most of the original settlers from the Maryland
  colony were Catholic, as Lord Baltimore founded
  it as a refuge for English Catholics.
• Religion did not have the same impact on
  communities as in the New England colonies or the
  Mid-Atlantic colonies because people lived on
  plantations that were often distant and spread
  out from one another.
• Economy
• The Southern economy was almost entirely based on
  farming
• Rice, indigo, tobacco, sugarcane, and cotton were
  cash crops
• Crops were grown on large plantations where
  slaves and indentured servants worked the land.

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The Southern Economy

• Because of the good soil and long growing season
  the South did not develop commerce or industry.
  The depended on English merchants to manage their
  trade.
• Cultivated large farms known as plantations
• Which needed a large unskilled labor force.
• Slaves!

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Tobacco and Rice

• The cash crop of Maryland and Virginia was
  tobacco. However, overproduction would cause
  profits to fall.
• So, farmers began the switch to corn and wheat.
• The cash crop of South Carolina and Georgia was
  Rice.
• Rice cultivation is a very labor intensive and
  nasty. Imagine working in the rice fields all
  day standing in mud up to your knees.
• Do you think that you could get an indentured
  servant to do this?

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The Three Kings of the Southern Economy (1700
1860)
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Backcountry

• Appalachian Mountain Foothills
• Small farms
• Few slaves
• Outnumbered large plantation owners

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Conclusion

• Majority of colonist, even in the South were not
  slave holders. However, much of the economy was
  either based on slave labor or indirectly through
  the slave trade.
• African Slaves brought with them their languages
  and cultures. They also brought with them the
  knowledge of cultivating rice.

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Stop and Write!

• In your IANS
• On the right side identify which colonial region
  you would want to live in, if you lived back then
  and list 5 reasons why
• On the left side draw a picture or print out
  pictures that represent things that you learned
  about the region you chose.

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Types of Colonies

• Government in the colonies varied by the type of
  charter for that colony.
• Question What are the three types of colonial
  charters?
• Charter Colonies
• Proprietary Colonies
• Royal Colonies

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Charter, Royal and Proprietary

• In a charter colony, the King granted a charter
  to the colonial government establishing the rules
  under which the colony was to be governed.
• A proprietary colony was a colony in which one or
  more individuals, usually land owners, remaining
  subject to their parent state's sanctions,
  retained rights that are today regarded as the
  privilege of the state, and in all cases
  eventually became so.
• Crown, or royal, colonies were ruled by a
  governor appointed at first by the Monarch

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Table of Colonies Type, Government and Notes
Type
Charter
Proprietary
Royal
Colony
Connecticut, Rhode Island
Government
Governor and Legislature Elected by Colonists
Note
Great Britain had the right to approve governor, but governor could not veto legislature.
Connecticut, Rhode Island
Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania
Proprietor selected the governor and upper house. Colonists Elected the Lower House
Proprietor free to rule.
GA, MA, NH, NJ, NY, NC, SC, VA
Directly Ruled by Britain.
King appointed Gov. and Upper House. Colonists elected the Lower House.
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Colonial Government

• As the colonies grew, so did the colonists views
  on government.
• Time and distance from the mother-country
  necessitated some form of government to be in
  place.
• The Crown also had the responsibility to enforce
  its laws on the colonies.

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Colonial Life
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Men, Women and Children
Men Worked the fields, built houses and barns,
represented family in community
Women Cooked, made butter and cheese, made
clothes, tended livestock, etc.
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A Child's Life in The Colonies
Boys Indentured servants or apprentices
Young Women Maids, cooks, nurses, until married.
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Education
Pennsylvania and Massachusetts set up public
school systems by law.
Colonists valued education and children were
usually taught to read and write at home.
85 Percent Literacy Rate
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Change is Coming?Set-up for the Revolution

• The Glorious Revolution
• Mercantilism
• The Navigation Acts
• Differences in colonial governments
• Voting rights
• America and the Great Awakening

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The Glorious Revolution

• King James forced off the throne in 1688 and
  placed his daughter Mary and her husband, William
  of Orange on the thrown.
• The Parliament is getting more powerful.
• William and Mary sign the English Bill of Rights.

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The English Bill of Rights
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Mercantilism

• The English viewed the colonies as an economic
  resource.
• The colonies provided raw materials for English
  manufacturers and a market for finished products.
  
• As a nations trade grew, its gold reserve
  increase, and the nation becomes more powerful.

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The Navigation Acts1751 - 1763

• Series of acts (laws) that directed the flow of
  goods between England and the Colonies.
• Smuggling

• Only British ships could transport imported and
  exported goods from the colonies.
• The only people who were allowed to trade with
  the colonies had to be British citizens.
• Commodities such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton
  wool which were produced in the colonies could be
  exported only to British ports.

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The Great Awakening

• What are they awakening to?
• A religious movement concentrated in New England
  and the Middle Colonies.
• They called for a re-birth, A return to the
  strong faith of earlier days.
• Why would this movement not take hold in the
  South?

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The Great Awakening
Fire Brimstone Preachers
Jonathan Edwards
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I Think, Therefore I Am
Experimentation
Ideas
The Enlightenment
Social and Political Reforms
The Social Contract
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The Enlightenment
And the One who holds the Key
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The Enlightenment

• The Age of Enlightenment was an elite cultural
  movement of intellectuals in 18th century Europe
  that sought to mobilize the power of reason in
  order to reform society and advance knowledge.
• It reached the colonies
• It promoted intellectual interchange and opposed
  intolerance and abuses in church and state
• Politically the age is distinguished by an
  emphasis upon liberty, democracy, republicanism
  and religious tolerance
• Thoughts start colonies on road to revolution and
  independence
• Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson and others

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Freedom of the Press

• English Right of Free Speech
• Zenger v. Royal Governor
• Zenger was put on trial for libel (printed an
  article the criticized governor)
• Found INNOCENT
• Foundation for freedom of press

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Life in the Colonies

• Objectives
• Describe the triangular trade and how it affected
  colonial society.
• Analyze why slavery grows in America.
• Explain the differences between the regions of
  the English Colonies as they developed.