Vermont Regulations

1
Vermont Regulations
2
Market Hunting Era 1858 to 1896
3
Exploitation of WildlifeVisionary People Put a
Stop to Market Hunting
Class Conflict Landowner vs. Non-landowner State
resident vs. Non-resident Rural vs. Urban North
vs. South The Gentleman Hunter
4
Uncontrolled Exploitation
5
(No Transcript)
6
Unregulated Hunt Techniques
7
Sink Box
8
Other Techniques

• Deer Hounding
• Netting
• Mating Season
• Night Hunting
• Passenger Pigeon
• Railroad Hunts

9
Where?

• Cape Cod
• Great South Bay, NY
• Currituck Sound, NC
• Chesapeake Bay, MD
• Marsh Island, LA
• Sunk Lands, AR
• Klamath Lake Region, CA
• Anywhere in the Upper Midwest

10
National Wildlife Refuge System
11
What Markets?
12
Other Markets

• Millinery Trade
• Pot Hunters
• Fur Market - but only a minor market

13
1858 - 1896

• What Started It?
• Railroad Land Grants
• Augustus Swift
• Swift Meats
• What Stopped It?
• Geer vs. Connecticut
• Lacey Act

14
Visionariesor Elitists?
15
(No Transcript)
16
Theodore Roosevelt the hardier and manlier the
sport is the more attractive it is, andthere is
no place in the ranks of true sportsmen either
for the game-butcher, on the one hand, or, on the
other, for the man who wishes to do all his
shooting in preserves, and to shirk rough hard
work.
17
George Bird Grinell Editor of Forest and
Stream 1874 - The known fact that all the best
measures for the protection of gamemust always
emanate from those who shoot and fish for their
pleasure. 1881 - Game legislation is too much
in the hands of know- nothings, and know-nothings
area class of man who are concerned not to
preserve the game, but to squeeze the almighty
dollar out of it as it goes. 1894 - Game laws
can benefit the community only as, and in such
degree as they are in the interest of the
sportsman.
18
William T. Hornaday - Director of
Smithsonian 1913 - Italians are pouring into
American in a steady stream Toward wildlife the
Italian laborer is a human mongoose. Give him
power to act, and he will quickly exterminate
every wild thing that wears feathers or hair. To
our songbirds he is literally a pestilence that
walketh at noonday. The army of black
hunters and their dogs cross field after field,
combing the country with fine teeth that leave
neither wild animal nor bird behind.
19
(No Transcript)
20
Objections

• Ballistics
• Big Guns
• Swivel Guns
• Punt guns

• Efficiency
• Snares
• Traps
• Fire Hunting
• Crusting

• Unfair Advantage
• Boats
• Night Hunting
• Water Hunting
• Deer Hounding!

21
Rules of the Game/ Rules of Fair Chase

• Ensuring an Uncertain Outcome
• Limited Hunt Seasons
• Limiting Technological Advantage

22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
The Gentleman Hunter
Pinnacle of Manhood Rugged Independent
Wise in the ways of nature Restrained/Refined
A grouse which gives a man a holiday afield is
worth more to the community than a grouse snared
or shot for the market stalls.
25
Legacy

• Stopped waterfowl exploitation
• Set us on the route to contemporary wildlife
  management
• But
• Urban interest won out over rural interests?
• Dispossessed rural and ethnic peoples?