Safe Materials Handling and Machine Safety

1
Safe Materials Handling and Machine Safety

• Joe Nail

2
Introduction

• Handling Materials Safely
• 50 tons per one ton shipped.
• Some is moved by machine and some by hand.
• When handling material, technique is everything.

3
Causes of Injuries

• 25 of all injuries are related to material
  handling.
• 80 are to the lower back.
• Incorrect lifting causes most injuries.
• Incorrect use of equipment.

4
Carelessness

• Be aware of your environment.

Hey Charlie! Did you see that game last night?
5
Avoiding Workplace Injuries

• Stay in shape.
• Consider where you will walk.
• Dont use your body if you dont have to.

6
Rules for Lifting

• Get close to the load.
• Keep feet apart.
• Keep back straight.
• Bend your knees.
• Tuck your chin.
• Grip the load with your palms.

7
Hazards Associated with Materials Handling

• Check your environment for sufficient moving room
• Check for projecting objects, wear gloves.
• Are materials secure?
• Are chemicals to be moved?

8
Teamwork and Handling Various Shapes and Sizes

• If an object seems to heavy to lift, it probably
  is.
• When working with others, communication is
  critical.
• Your back should be kept straight when you carry
  objects.
• Special lifting tools should be sought out and
  used for large objects.
• Protect yourself when handling things.

9
Examples of Lifting Equipment
10
Hand Tools and Accessories
11
Power Operated Hand Trucks

• Examples of a walkie and a rider type powered
  hand trucks

12
Powered Industrial trucks

• Trucks are usually classified by power source.
• Electric Motors
• Internal Combustion Engine
• Gasoline
• Diesel
• LP Liquefied Petroleum

13
Standard Powered Industrial Lift Truck
14
Straddle Truck
15
Order Picker Truck
16
Industrial Truck Safety Popular Misconceptions

• Anyone can drive a lift truck.
• They handle just like a car.
• They are easier to drive than a car.
• You dont need any training to safely drive a
  fork lift.

17
Industrial Truck SafetyFacts

• The center of gravity of a lift truck changes.
• Most trucks are rear steer.
• Most trucks have no suspension system.
• It is NOT safe to alter the lift trucks
  counterweight!

18
Industrial Truck Safety

• What does OHSA say about powered industrial truck
  training?
• OSHA regulations state that only trained and
  authorized operators shall be permitted to
  operate a powered industrial truck.
• But why?

19
Training helps to Prevent Accidents!
Get the picture?
20

• Data plate.

21
Powered Industrial Trucks -Operator Training

• 1910.178 (l)
• 1915.120 (a)
• 1917.1 (a)(2)(xiv)
• 1918.1 (b)(10)
• 1926.602 (d)

22
Disclaimer

• This presentation is intended as a resource for
  providing training on OSHAs revised powered
  industrial truck operator standards. It is not a
  substitute for any of the provisions of the
  Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, or
  for any standards issued by the U.S. Department
  of Labors Occupational Safety and Health
  Administration (OSHA). It is also not a
  substitute for a powered industrial truck
  operator training program.

23
Acknowledgment

• OSHAs Office of Training and Education wishes to
  acknowledge the following for contributing some
  of the graphics used in this presentation
• Caterpillar Lift Trucks
• Mason Contractors Association of America
• Industrial Truck Association
• State of Utah Labor Commission - Occupational
  Safety Health Division
• Steamship Trade Association of Baltimore
• Taylor Machine Works, Inc.
• UAW - Ford National Joint Committee on Health and
  Safety
• Appearance of products does not imply
  endorsement by the U.S. Department of Labor.

24
Powered IndustrialTruck - Definition

• A mobile, power-propelled truck used to carry,
  push, pull, lift, stack or tier materials.
  American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
  definition
• Excluded are vehicles used for earth moving and
  over-the-road hauling.
• Commonly known as forklifts, pallet trucks, rider
  trucks, forktrucks, or lifttrucks.
• Can be powered through electric or combustion
  engines.

25
Scope of Standard

• The scope provisions of 1910.178(a), which are
  based on ANSI B56.1 - 1969, remain in effect and
  cover
• ... fork trucks, tractors, platform lift trucks,
  motorized hand trucks, and other specialized
  industrial trucks powered by electric motors or
  internal combustion engines.
• It does not apply to compressed air or
  nonflammable compressed gas-operated industrial
  trucks, farm vehicles, nor vehicles intended
  primarily for earth moving or over-the-road
  hauling.
• This scope covers general industry, construction
  and shipyards.

26
Scope of Standard (continued)

• For marine terminal and longshoring industries,
  all powered industrial trucks are covered, no
  matter what specialized name they are given.
• This includes, but is not limited to, straddle
  carriers, hustlers, toploaders, container reach
  stackers, and other vehicles that carry, push,
  pull, lift, or tier loads.

27
Reasons for New Standard

• Powered industrial truck accidents cause
  approximately 100 fatalities and 36,340 serious
  injuries in general industry and construction
  annually.
• It is estimated that 20 - 25 of the accidents
  are, at least in part, caused by inadequate
  training.

28
Additional Reasons for New Standard

• Updated consensus standards have been published.
• OSHA has been petitioned to improve the
  requirements for industrial truck training.
• Advisory Committee on Construction Safety and
  Health has recommended improving the standard.
• Resolutions have been introduced in the Senate
  and House urging OSHA to revise its outdated
  standard.

29
Forklift Fatalities, 1992-1996
Source Bureau of Labor Statistics, Job Related
Fatalities Involving Forklifts
30
Forklift Fatalities by Age Group1992 -1996
Source Bureau of Labor Statistics
31
Industries Where Powered Industrial Truck
Accidents Occurred
Source OSHA Fatality/Catastrophe Reports,
complied by OSHA Office of Electrical/Electronic
and Mechanical Engineering Safety Standards.
32
Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses by
Source, 1996
Source Bureau of Labor Statistics, Job Related
Fatalities by Selected Characteristics, 1996.
33
Background

• The previous OSHA standards, while requiring
  operator training, did not define the type of
  training or authorization required.
• March 15, 1988 - Industrial Truck Association
  (ITA) petitioned OSHA for specific training
  requirements.

34
Background (continued)

• American National Standards Institute (ANSI), in
  cooperation with ASME, has revised its standard 4
  times, including current lifttruck technology and
  specific training topics.

35
Background (continued)

• OSHA published a proposed ruling on March 14,
  1995 for General Industry, Shipyard, Marine
  Terminals, and Longshoring regulations, adding
  specific training requirements.
• On January 30, 1996, OSHA proposed a revision of
  the construction standards, mandating the
  development of an operator training program based
  on the prior knowledge and skills of the trainee
  and requiring a periodic evaluation.

36
Final Rule

• OSHA published the final rule for Powered
  Industrial Truck Operator Training on December
  1, 1998.
• The effective date is March 1, 1999. Start-up
  dates are included in paragraph (l)(7).
• It applies to all industries except agricultural
  operations.
• OSHA estimates that the new rule will prevent 11
  deaths and 9,422 injuries per year.

37
Fatalities/Injuries Potentially Averted Annually
by New Standard
Source U.S. Department of Labor, OSHA, Office of
Regulatory Analysis, 1997
38
Performance-Oriented Requirements

• The powered industrial truck operator training
  requirements are performance-oriented to permit
  employers to tailor a training program to the
  characteristics of their workplaces and the
  particular types of powered industrial trucks
  operated.

39
Revised Operator Training Requirements

• General Industry 1910.178 is amended by revising
  paragraph (l) and adding Appendix A.
• Shipyard Employment New section 1915.120 and
  Appendix A are added.
• Marine Terminals Section 1917.1 is amended by
  adding new paragraph (a)(2)(xiv) and Appendix A.
• Longshoring Section 1918.1 is amended by adding
  new paragraph (b)(10) and Appendix A.
• Construction 1926.602 is amended by adding new
  paragraph (d) and Appendix A.

40
Operator Training

• Safe operations
• The employer shall ensure that each powered
  industrial truck operator is competent to operate
  a powered industrial truck safely, as
  demonstrated by successful completion of the
  training and evaluation specified in the OSHA
  standard.
• Prior to permitting an employee to operate a
  powered industrial truck (except for training
  purposes), the employer shall ensure that each
  operator has successfully completed the required
  training (or previously received appropriate
  training).

41
Training Program Implementation

• Trainees may operate a powered industrial truck
  only
• Under direct supervision of a person who has the
  knowledge, training, and experience to train
  operators and evaluate their competence and,
• Where such operation does not endanger the
  trainee or other employees.

42
Training Program Implementation (continued)

• Training shall consist of a combination of
• Formal instruction (e.g., lecture, discussion,
  interactive computer learning, written material),
  
• Practical training (demonstrations and exercises
  performed by the trainee), and
• Evaluation of the operators performance in the
  workplace

43
Training Program Implementation (continued)

• Training and evaluation shall be conducted by a
  person with the knowledge, training and
  experience to train powered industrial truck
  operators and evaluate their competence.

44
Training Program Content

• Operators shall receive initial training in the
  following topics, except in topics which the
  employer can demonstrate are not applicable to
  safe operation in the employers workplace.
• Truck-related topics
• Workplace-related topics
• The requirements of the standard

45
Training Program Content (continued)

• Truck-related topics

• Operating instructions, warnings and precautions
• Differences from automobile
• Controls and instrumentation
• Engine or motor operation
• Steering and maneuvering
• Visibility

• Fork and attachment adaptation, operation, use
• Vehicle capacity and stability
• Vehicle inspection and maintenance that the
  operator will be required to perform
• Refueling/Charging/ Recharging batteries
• Operating limitations
• Other instructions, etc.

46
Training Program Content (continued)

• Workplace-related topics

• Surface conditions
• Composition and stability of loads
• Load manipulation, stacking, unstacking
• Pedestrian traffic
• Narrow aisles and restricted areas
• Operating in hazardous (classified) locations

• Operating on ramps and sloped surfaces
• Potentially hazardous environmental conditions
• Operating in closed environments or other areas
  where poor ventilation or maintenance could cause
  carbon monoxide or diesel exhaust buildup

47
Training Program Content (continued)

• The requirements of the OSHA standard on powered
  industrial trucks must also be included in the
  initial operator training program.

48
Refresher Training and Evaluation

• Refresher training, including an evaluation of
  the effectiveness of that training, shall be
  conducted to ensure that the operator has the
  knowledge and skills needed to operate the
  powered industrial truck safely.
• Refresher training required when
• Unsafe operation
• Accident or near-miss
• Evaluation indicates need
• Different type of equipment introduced
• Workplace condition changes

49
Refresher Training and Evaluation (continued)

• An evaluation of each powered industrial truck
  operators performance must be conducted
• After initial training,
• After refresher training, and
• At least once every three years

50
Avoidance of Duplicative Training

• If an operator has previously received training
  in a topic specified in this section, and the
  training is appropriate to the truck and working
  conditions encountered, additional training in
  that topic is not required if the operator has
  been evaluated and found competent to operate the
  truck safely.

51
Certification

• The employer shall certify that each operator has
  been trained and evaluated as required by the
  standard.
• Certification shall include
• Name of operator
• Date of training
• Date of evaluation
• Identity of person(s) performing the training or
  evaluation

52
Dates

• The employer shall ensure that operators of
  powered industrial trucks are trained, as
  appropriate, by the dates shown in the following
  table.

If the employee was hired
The initial training and evaluation of that
employee must be completed
Before December 1, 1999
By December 1, 1999
Before the employee is assigned to operate a
powered industrial truck.
After December 1, 1999
53
Appendix A - Stability of Powered Industrial
Trucks

• Appendix A provides non-mandatory guidance to
  assist employers in implementing the standard.
• This appendix does not add to, alter, or reduce
  the requirements of this section.

54
Appendix A - Stability of Powered Industrial
Trucks

• Definitions
• General
• Basic Principles
• Stability Triangle
• Longitudinal Stability
• Lateral Stability
• Dynamic Stability

55
Stability Triangle - Figure 1
Vehicle Center of Gravity (Unloaded)
B
A
Center of Gravity of Vehicle and Maximum
Load (Theoretical)
C
Notes
1. When the vehicle is loaded, the combined
center of gravity (CG) shifts toward line B-C.
Theoretically the maximum load will result in the
CG at the line B-C. In actual practice, the
combined CG should never be at line B-C. 2. The
addition of additional counterweight will cause
the truck CG to shift toward point A and result
in a truck that is less stable laterally.
56
Stability Triangle - Figure 2
Load CG
Load CG
Vertical Stability Line (Line of Action)
Combined CG
Combined CG
Vertical Stability Line (Line of Action)
Truck CG
Truck CG
This vehicle is unstable and will continue to
tip over
The vehicle is stable
57
Effective Powered Industrial Truck Operator
Training Program

• Four major areas of concern must be addressed
• The general hazards that apply to the operation
  of all or most powered industrial trucks
• The hazards associated with the operation of
  particular types of trucks
• The hazards of workplaces generally and,
• The hazards of the particular workplace where the
  vehicle operates.

58
Types of Powered Industrial Trucks

• There are many different types of powered
  industrial trucks covered by the OSHA standard.
• Commonly used types include
• High lift trucks, counterbalanced trucks,
  cantilever trucks, rider trucks, forklift trucks,
  high lift trucks, high lift platform trucks, low
  lift trucks, motorized hand trucks, pallet
  trucks, straddle trucks, reach rider trucks, high
  lift order picker trucks, motorized hand/rider
  trucks, and counterbalanced front/side loader
  lift trucks.
• A single type of truck can only be described by
  calling it by all of its characteristics, (e.g.,
  a high lift, counterbalanced, sit down rider
  truck).

59
Unique Characteristics of Powered Industrial
Trucks

• Each type of powered industrial truck has its own
  unique characteristics and some inherent hazards.
• To be effective, training must address the unique
  characteristics of the type of vehicle the
  employee is being trained to operate.

60
Components of a Forklift Truck
One of the most common types of powered
industrial trucks
61
Classes of Commonly-Used Powered Industrial
Trucks

• The Industrial Truck Association has placed
  powered industrial trucks into 7 classes.
• Class I - Electric motor rider trucks
• Class II - Electric motor narrow aisle trucks
• Class III - Electric motor hand trucks or
  hand/rider trucks
• Class IV - Internal combustion engine trucks
  (solid/cushion tires)
• Class V - Internal combustion engine trucks
  (pneumatic tires)
• Class VI - Electric and internal combustion
  engine tractors
• Class VII - Rough terrain forklift trucks

Note that this classification refers to
commonly-used vehicles and does not include all
powered industrial trucks covered by the OSHA
standard.
62
Class I - Electric Motor Rider Trucks

• Counterbalanced rider type, stand up
• Three wheel electric trucks, sit-down
• Counterbalanced rider type, cushion tires,
  sit-down (high and low platform)
• Counterbalanced rider, pneumatic tire, sit-down
  (high and low platform)

63
Class I - Electric Motor Rider Trucks
64
Class I - Electric Motor Rider Trucks

• Counterbalanced Rider Type, Stand-Up

65
Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks

• High lift straddle
• Order picker
• Reach type outrigger
• Side loaders, turret trucks, swing mast and
  convertible turret/stock pickers
• Low lift pallet and platform (rider)

66
Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks
67
Class II - Narrow Aisle Trucks
68
Class III - Electric Motor Hand or Hand/Rider
Trucks

• Low lift platform
• Low lift walkie pallet
• Reach type outrigger
• High lift straddle
• High lift counterbalanced
• Low lift walkie/rider pallet

69
Class III - Electric Motor Hand or Hand/Rider
Trucks
70
Class III - Hand Hand/Rider Trucks
71
Class IV - Internal Combustion Engine Trucks -
Cushion (Solid) Tires
Fork, counterbalanced (cushion/solid tires)
72
Class IV - Internal Combustion Engine Trucks -
Cushion (Solid) Tires
73
Class V - Internal Combustion Engine Trucks -
Pneumatic Tires
Fork, counterbalanced (pneumatic tires)
74
Class V - Internal Combustion Engine Trucks
(Pneumatic Tires)
75
Class VI - Electric Internal Combustion Engine
Tractors
Sit-down rider
76
Class VII - Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks

• Straight-mast forklift

• Extended-reach forklift

All rough terrain forklift trucks
77
Rough Terrain Straight Mast Forklifts
78
Rough Terrain Extended-Reach Forklifts
79
Some Types of Powered Industrial Trucks Used in
Maritime

• The following types of vehicles are covered
  by the OSHA standard if the vehicles carry,
  push, pull, lift, or tier loads.

• Container top handlers
• Container reach stackers
• Straddle carriers
• Semi-tractors/ Utility vehicles

• Sidehandlers
• Combination vacuum lifts
• Yard tractors

80
Powered Industrial Trucks Used in Maritime
Container Handlers
81
Powered Industrial Trucks Used in Maritime
Empty-Container Handler
82
Powered Industrial Trucks Used in Maritime
Container Reach Stacker
83
Powered Industrial Trucks Used in Maritime
Straddle Carriers
84
Powered Industrial Trucks Used in Maritime
Yard Tractor
85
Dock Safety

• Painting of area.
• Trailer brakes and securing.
• People in the area.
• Perform daily check of truck.

86
Dock Safety
Portable Docking Plate
87
Dock Safety
Dock Restraint Mechanism
88
Conveyors
89
Conveyors

• Powered type is most dangerous.
• Most people get hurt while working on them.
• Most injuries involve fingers, hands, and arms.
• Accidents can be prevented if workers are careful
  to turn off the power and lock it out.

90
Hoists and Cranes
91
Hoists and Cranes
92
Hoists and Cranes

• Hoists and Cranes should be inspected before use,
  every time.
• When cranes fail, it usually happens fast.
• Tension on a sling is relative to total weight be
  lifted and angle of sling.
• Never stand under a suspended load.

93
Receiving and Storing Materials

• Does this look safe to you?

94
When Storing Materials

• Place large, heavy packages on the bottom and
  lighter ones on top.
• Never place materials where they can be tripped
  over or where someone could get hurt attempting
  to retrieve them.
• When materials are moved to where you are
  working, they should be secured so they cant
  fall on anyone.
• Never block a traffic path or prop materials up
  against a wall where they might slide over and
  cause an accident.

95
Corrosive and Flammable Liquids

• Understand what it is that you are about to move.
• Examine the containers to make sure they are
  sealed and properly labeled.
• Make sure you are wearing all required PPE.

96
Safety Guards
97
Safety Guards

• Are required to prevent accidents.
• Protect people, not the machine.
• Hazardous parts include point of operation
  components, control mechanisms, parts that
  transmit power, and parts that retain stored
  energy

98
Moving Parts Make Guards Necessary
99
Moving Parts Make Guards Necessary
100
Point of Operation Guard

• OSHA 29 CFR 1910.217

101
Fixed Guards
102
Fixed Guards

• Prevent entry into the point of operation
• Do not move when the machine is in operation.
• Example Barrier Guard
• Example Enclosure Guard

103
Interlocking Guards

• Used when a fixed guard cannot be used.
• Connected to machine controls or power source.
• Can be mechanical, electrical, or pneumatic.

104
Automatic Guards

• Push, pull, or sweep the operators hands out of
  the danger zone.
• Example Automatic Pull Backs

105
Presence-sensing Guards

• No physical barrier.Create a sensing area around
  the danger zone.
• May use magnetic fields, radio waves, or light
  waves.
• Machinery must be able to stop instantaneously.

106
Power Transmission Guards

• Prevent pieces from flying out.
• Should be kept in place at all times while the
  machine is running.
• Should only be removed for repair work.

107
Other Safety Devices

• Machine controls.
• Feeding and extracting tools.
• Ejectors.

108
OSHA Lock Out/Tag Out Procedures 29 CFR 1910.147

• Locking out has to do with the removal or
  prevention of hazardous energy.
• Tag out is a communication technique that warns
  others of the machines repair work.

109
Control of Hazardous Energy

• 29 CFR 1910.147
• The standard covers the servicing and
  maintenance of machines and equipment in which
  the unexpected energization or start up of the
  machines or equipment , or release of stored
  energy could cause injury to employees.

110
Provisions Of The Standard

• Requires employers to establish procedures for
  isolating machines or equipment from their source
  of energy and affixing appropriate locks or tags
  to energy isolating devices

111
Employer Responsibilities

• Establish energy control program
• Establish energy control procedures for machines
  and equipment
• Provide employee training
• Conduct periodic inspections of the energy
  control program

112
Application Of The Standard

• An employee is required to remove or bypass a
  guard or other safety device
• An employee is required to place any part of
  their body in contact with the point of operation
  of the operational machine or piece of equipment
• An employee is required to place any part of
  their body into a danger zone associated with a
  machine operating cycle

113
Exceptions To The Standard

• Work on cord and plug connected electric
  equipment controlled by unplugging of the
  equipment - the plug is under exclusive control
  of the employee performing maintenance

114
Exceptions To The Standard

• Hot tap operations involving transmission and
  distribution systems for substances such as gas,
  steam, water, or petroleum products

115
Minor Servicing Tasks

• Employees performing minor tool changes and
  adjustments that are routine, repetitive, and
  integral to the use of the equipment and that
  occur during normal operations are not covered by
  the lockout/tagout standard, provided the work is
  performed using alternative measures that provide
  effective protection.

116
Definitions

• Authorized employee A person who locks out or
  tags out machines or equipment in order to
  perform servicing or maintenance
• Affected employee A person whose job requires
  him to operate or use a machine or equipment on
  which servicing or maintenance is being performed
  under lockout or tagout

117
Definitions

• Energy isolating device The mechanism that
  prevents the transmission or release of energy
  and to which locks or tags are attached
• Includes manually operated circuit breakers,
  disconnect switches, line valves, blocks, and
  others

118
Definitions

• Lockout The placement of a lockout device on an
  energy isolating device to ensure that the
  equipment being controlled cannot be operated
  until the lockout device is removed

119
Definitions

• Tagout The placement of a tagout device on an
  energy isolating device to indicate the equipment
  being controlled may not be operated until the
  tagout device is removed

120
De-energizing Equipment

• Shut down the machine or equipment
• Isolate the machine or equipment from the energy
  sources
• Apply the lockout or tagout device(s) to the
  energy isolating device(s)
• Safely release all potentially hazardous stored
  or residual energy
• Verify the isolation of the machine or equipment
  prior to the start of servicing work

121
Stored Energy

• If there is a possibility of reaccumulation of
  stored energy to a hazardous level, verification
  of isolation shall be continued until the
  possibility of such accumulation no longer exists

122
Re-energizing Equipment

• Ensure that machine or equipment components are
  operationally intact
• Ensure that all employees are safely positioned
  or removed from equipment
• Ensure that lockout or tagout devices are removed
  from each energy isolation device by the employee
  who applied the device

123
Lockout/Tagout Requirements

• If an energy isolating device is not capable of
  being locked out, the employers energy control
  program shall utilize a tagout system

124
Lockout Requirements

• After January 1990, whenever replacement, major
  repair, or modification of a machine is
  performed, or whenever new machines or equipment
  are installed, they must be designed to accept a
  lockout device

125
Device Requirements

• Durable Lockout and tagout devices must
  withstand the environment to which they are
  exposed for the maximum duration
• Standardized Both lockout and tagout devices
  must be standardized according to either color,
  shape, or size
• Tagout devices must also be standardized
  according to print and format

126
Device Requirements

• Substantial Lockout and tagout devices must be
  substantial enough to minimize early or
  accidental removal
• Identifiable Locks and tags must clearly
  identify the employee who applies them.

127
Tag Requirements

• Tags must also include a legend such as
• Do not start
• Do not open
• Do not close
• Do not energize
• Do not operate

128
Periodic Inspections

• The employer shall conduct a periodic inspection
  of the energy control procedure at least annually
• Shall be performed by an authorized employee
  other than the person(s) utilizing the energy
  control procedure being inspected

129
Periodic Inspections

• Shall be conducted to correct any deviations or
  inadequacies identified
• Where lockout is used, the inspection shall
  include a review between the inspector and each
  authorized employee

130
Periodic Inspections

• Where tagout is used, the inspection shall
  include a review between the inspector and each
  authorized and affected employees

131
Periodic Inspections

• The employer shall
• Certify that the periodic inspections have been
  performed
• Identify the machine or equipment on which energy
  control procedures were used
• The employer shall also note
• The date of the inspection
• The employees included in the inspection
• The person performing the inspection

132
Training and Communication

• Each authorized employee shall receive training
  in
• Recognition of applicable hazardous energy
  sources
• Type and magnitude of the energy available in the
  workplace
• Methods and means necessary for energy isolation
  and control

133
Training and Communication

• Each affected employee shall be instructed in the
  purpose and use of the energy control procedure
• All other employees shall be instructed about the
  prohibition relating to attempts to restart or
  reenergize machines or equipment which are locked
  out or tagged out

134
Training and Communication

• The employer shall certify that employee training
  has been accomplished and is being kept up to
  date
• Certification shall contain employee names and
  dates of training

135
Group Lockout or Tagout

• Primary responsibility is vested in an authorized
  employee for a set number of employees working
  under the protection of a group lockout or tagout
  device
• Each authorized employee shall affix a personal
  lockout or tagout device to the group lockout
  device

136
Outside Personnel

• Whenever outside servicing personnel are engaged
  in activities covered by lockout/tagout, the
  on-site employer and the outside employer shall
  inform each other of their respective lockout or
  tagout procedures

137
Tagout Tags
138
Lockout Device
139
Group Lockout
140
Tagout Tag
141
Lockout Signage
142
Review

• 1. What is the best way to avoid hurting yourself
  when moving material?
• 2. What is most dangerous when wearing gloves
  around rotating equipment?
• 3. Describe the best method for lifting.
• 4. What is the best way to carry a small box or
  carton?
• 5. What equipment can you use to move a barrel
  alone?
• 6. Describe how to handle moving a loaded hand
  truck down a ramp.
• 7. When is it permissible to ride on the platform
  of a moving truck?
• 8. What must be checked before entering a trailer
  on a shipping dock?
• 9. What is the best way to prevent accidents
  while working on conveyors?
• 10. What does the angle of a lifting sling have
  to do with the stress placed on it?
• 11. What is a pinch point?
• 12. What is meant by the term point of
  operation?
• 13. What word is used to mean a back and forth
  motion?
• 14. What is the correct spacing for a grinder
  wheel from the work rest?
• 15. What type of machine guard limits the
  operators access to the danger zone?
• 16. Which type of machine guard prevents access
  to the danger zone altogether?
• 17. What type of guard cannot be moved while the
  machine is running?
• 18. What type of guard, when removed, prevents
  the machine from running?
• 19. What type of guard physically pulls the
  operator out of the danger zone?