Writing Introductions and Conclusions

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WritingIntroductionsandConclusions
Mrs. Daviss 5th Grade Language Arts Classes
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Which Modes?

• Only
• DESCRIPTIVE,
• PERSUASIVE,
• and
• EXPOSITORY
• papers have introductions
• and/or conclusions!

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Why Introductions?

• Your introduction is
• the readers
• FIRST IMPRESSION
• of your work.
• It should make him/her
• want to read the rest
• of your paper.

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Why Conclusions?

• Your conclusion is
• the readers
• LAST IMPRESSION
• of your work.
• It should make him/her
• remember your paper and
• set you apart from the
• other thousands of papers.

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Where?

• Your introduction is your
• FIRST
• paragraph,
• and
• your conclusion is your
• LAST
• paragraph!

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How Long?

• Introductions
• and
• conclusions
• should have
• 3 or 4
• sentences each!

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Introductions How To

• Introductions should have 2 parts a
• HOOK and a TOPIC SENTENCE.
• Start with a 2-3 sentence HOOK to grab the
  readers attention.
• Great hooks include (SHUDS)
• -Statistics
• -HISMOP (hyperbole, idiom, simile,
  metaphor, onomatopoeia, personification)
• -Unusual Facts
• -Dialogue
• -Scenarios

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Introductions How To

• Finish with a TOPIC SENTENCE to tell the reader
  what topic youve chosen to write about and how
  you feel about it.
• I simply despise my nasty room.
• OR
• My room is the most disgusting place
• on the planet.
• Sometimes your topic sentence may be
• included in one of your hooks, which is
• OK!

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Boring Hooks

• Sample Prompts
• Describe your room.
• OR
• Explain reasons you like/dislike your room.
• Do you like your room?
• OR
• What do you like about your room?
• OR
• Do you know why I hate my room?

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Statistic Hook

• People magazine conducted a survey last
  summer of parents across the country. The survey
  results revealed that 92 of parents are unhappy
  with state of their childrens rooms. Im afraid
  that my my parents would agree with that
  statistic, because my room is disgusting!

NOTE When using a STATISTICS hook, be sure to
tell WHO did the research. You can also tell
WHEN the research was conducted!
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HISMOP Hook

• My room is a garbage dump! Ill need
  to call in a hazardous materials team to
  help me clean it. It is pure gross!
• OR
• Shhh...Did you hear that squeaking? I
  dont know if its the family of rats that
  have moved into my closet or the shelf brackets
  whining under the weight of the junk atop them,
  but whatever it is, it cant be good. Simply
  stated, my room is nasty!

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Unusual Fact Hook

• The last attempt to clean my room took
  twelve hours. The things I uncovered during that
  task could make a goats stomach turn.
  Unfortunately, room is absolutely filthy again!

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Dialogue Hook

• My, heavens, Jamie, Mom screamed last
  night, clean up this pig sty! Mom and I dont
  see eye to eye on this issue. To her my room is
  a pig sty, but to me its paradise.

NOTE When using a DIALOGUE hook, be sure to
PUNCTUATE it correctly with commas and quotation
marks, and dont forget to add a TAG!
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Scenario Hook

• Poor old Mom waltzed into my room
  yesterday to collect my laundry, and shes
  still trying to find her way out of the maze
  of clothes, games, and books littering the
  floor. I think Ill send a search team after her
  if she doesnt surface sometime today. That room
  is a mess!

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Some Final HOOK Tips

• Its OK to combine different types of
• hooks in your introduction.
• Try to add some humor in your hooks its a great
  way to grab the reader!

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Conclusions T ?

• Restate your TOPIC SENTENCE and
• how you feel about your topic (dont use
• the word-for-word topic sentence you
• used to finish your introduction).
• Remind readers of your SUPPORTING DETAILS
  (triangles) in one sentence
• (dont forget to separate each detail with
• a comma).
• Ask a thoughtful QUESTION.

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Sample Conclusion

• As you can see, my room is beyond
• nasty. There are mountains of clothes
• on the floor, colonies of dust bunnies
• under the furniture, and petrified food
• in every crevice. Dont you think its
• time to clean it up?

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POP QUIZ

• Read each prompt and introduction.
• Tell what type(s) of hook was/were used.
• Underline the topic sentence (remember, some
  topic sentences may be included in the hook).

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POP QUIZ

• PROMPT Describe your favorite
• school lunch.
• INTRODUCTION
• As I walked into the cafeteria this
• afternoon, my mouth immediately
• began to water. I knew at once that
• the hard-working cafeteria staff had
• prepared my favorite entrée. Their
• fried chicken is divine!

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POP QUIZ

• PROMPT Explain reasons people
• should not litter.
• INTRODUCTION
• Scientists report that roadside
• litter poses many health and safety
• risks. These risks effect not only
• people but wildlife as well. Please
• do your part to minimize the risks
• dont litter!

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POP QUIZ

• PROMPT Describe a picnic lunch.
• INTRODUCTION
• Hey, lets have a picnic lunch at
• the park! Dad chirped at the
• breakfast table. We all agreed that
• it was a great idea and couldnt
• wait. No one can put a picnic lunch
• together like dear old Mom.

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POP QUIZ

• PROMPT Explain reasons people
• should exercise every day.
• INTRODUCTION
• A 2005 study by Harvard Medical
• School found that 8 out of every 10
• Americans do not get daily exercise.
• The study called the U. S. an unfit
• nation. Its time to take a stand! Put
• down the remote, get off the couch,
• and get some exercise.