PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Life: The Science of Biology, Seventh Edition

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How do we know what we know?
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• How do we know what we know?
• Observations
• The Scientific Method
• (Hypothesis-Prediction Approach)

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An Example Close to Home _at_ Cedar Crest

• Giggle-Fits After Lunch

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If the Giggle Fits Do Not Reflect Your Company

• What did you have for lunch???
• Pasta with Italian Dressing
• Pasta with French Dressing
• Salad with Blue Cheese Dressing
• Vanilla Cone with Sprinkles
• A Controlled Experiment

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The Scientific Method

• Make observations
• Ask questions
• Form hypotheses
• Make predictions
• Test predictions

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The Scientific Method

• Make observations
• Gee, Im having unusual giggle fits after lunch
  each day.
• Ask questions
• Why am I having giggle fits?
• Form hypotheses
• I am having these fits because I am eating pasta
  with Italian dressing every day.

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The Scientific Method

• Make Predictions
• If I eliminate pasta with Italian dressing from
  my lunch, I will no longer have giggle fits.
• Test Predictions
• Do not consume pasta with Italian dressing for
  several days. Do you still have giggle fits?

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Distinguishing Science from Non-Science

• Scientific methods are the most powerful tools
  that humans have developed to understand how the
  world works. Their strength is founded on the
  development of the hypotheses that can be tested
  If you understand the methods of science, you can
  distinquish science from non-science.
• Source Your textbook (Purves, et al.), p. 13.

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Diversity of Life?
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Figure 1.8 A Provisional Tree of Life
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Figure 1.2 All Mammals Have Similar Limbs