Macromolecules

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Macromolecules
Section 2.3 Notes
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A little chemical review

• Molecules
• Compounds
• Bonding

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Organic means Carbon

• Organic compounds make up all living things.
• All living things are built on a carbon backbone.
• Carbon-based life forms

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The versatile carbon atom

• 95 of living things are made up of Hydrogen,
  Oxygen, Carbon, and Nitrogen.
• Carbon can make four bonds.
• It easily bonds with itself to form chains, rings
  and multiple bonds.

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Macromolecule categories

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids

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Building Blocks

• Macromolecules are made up of monomers, otherwise
  called building blocks, usually found in long
  chains called polymers.

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Carbohydrates

• Use
• Energy (main source)
• Structure
• Found as Food
• Pasta
• Bread
• Fruit and fruit juices
• Candy

• Building Blocks
• Saccharides (sugars)
• Monosaccharides
• Common names
• Sugar
• Starch
• Glucose
• Cellulose

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Carbohydrates
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Carbohydrates
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Carbohydrates

• Storage or use
• Animals store carbs as glycogen.
• Plants use carbs as cellulose and store as
  starch.
• Invertebrates convert it to chitin. (exoskeletons)

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Lipids

• Use
• Energy
• Insulation/Protection
• Coloration
• Found as Food
• Animal Fats
• Vegetable oils
• Butter

• Building Blocks
• Fatty acids
• Common names
• Fats
• Oil
• Waxes
• Steroids

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Lipids Fats Oils
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Lipids
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Lipids

• Storage or use
• Steroidsestrogen and testosterone
• Pigments
• Cholesterol
• Cell membrane
• Saturated or unsaturated fat

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Protein

• Use
• Structure
• Catalysts
• Cellular Transport
• Found as Foods
• Meat
• Beans
• Peanuts

• Building Blocks
• Amino acids
• Common names
• Meat
• Collagen
• Enzymes
• Hormones

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Proteins
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Protein
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Protein

• Storage or use
• Enzymes insulin, pepsin, lactase.
• Hair
• Bones
• Muscles
• Over 1/2 of the bodies dry weight

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Nucleic Acids

• Use
• Store and transmit hereditary information
• Make proteins
• Found as Food
• All cells nuclei

• Building Blocks
• Nucleotides
• Common names
• DNA
• RNA

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Nucleic Acids
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Nucleic Acids

• Storage or use
• DNA in nucleus of cell
• RNA are found in three forms messenger RNA,
  transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA.