Unit 2

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Unit 2s Concepts

• Scientists use models to help understand and
  explain how things work.
• Space scientists use models to study things
  that are very big or far away.
• Models help us make and test predictions.
• All models are inaccurate in some way.
• A model can be an explanation in your mind.
• Two-dimensional (2-D) models show the
  dimensions of height and width. (ex a picture)
• Three-dimensional (3-D) models show the
  dimensions of height, width, and depth.

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Space Science

• Unit 1.3

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Measuring Length in Metric Units

• We will be measuring the size of objects in the
  sky but first we must understand the basics of
  the metric system

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Even though we are used to measurements in feet
and inches, ALL scientists in the world use
metrics.

• 1 Meter equals 100 centimeters
• Cent means 100

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10 millimeters (mm)
1 centimeter (cm)100 centimeters 1 meter
(m)1,000 meters (m) 1 kilometer
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Imagine dividing a centimeter into 10
piecesThere are 1,000 millimeters in a meter
(mm) mille means 1000Imagine the meter
divided into 1,000 pieces.
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The challenge is to

• Measure the wingspan of an albatross.
• What is an albatross?
• Lets first make a prediction.

Note Dont move on to new slide till after we
measure albatross
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• This is how we can write our measurements
• 3 meters, 63 centimeters
• 3m 63 cm
• 363 centimeters
• 363 cm

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What is an Albatross?

• Albatrosses are the largest of the seabirds the
  wingspan of the great albatrosses can exceed 3
  meters (10 feet).

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Lets Practice

• Measure your neighbors wing span..
• IN METRICS!
• Measure your laptop
• Smart board
• Height of your desk
• Door frame

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Continue Measuring in Metrics

• Measuring a Bird and Four Satellites.
• What is a satellite?
• What does Orbit Mean?
• Talk to your table

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Satellites

• Satellites made by people travel around the Earth
  in space. They take photos and other images of
  Earth, relay cell phone/TV/pager messages.
• Since some are made by people, they are sometimes
  called artificial satellites.
• The Earths Moon , on the other hand is a natural
  satellite.

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Orbit.

• People have made many satellites and sent them up
  in the sky to orbit the Earth.
• Orbit means to move around another object in
  space.
• An orbit can also be the name for the path taken
  by one object circling around another object.

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Lets practice measuring

• See Worksheet

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Lesson 1.4

• How Big Are the Earth, Moon and Sun?

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• Review
• What is a Model? (Refer to your concept list)
• Define a Scale model. Examples?

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Scale models of Earth, Moon and Sun.

• Because the real sizes of the Earth, Moon, and
  Sun cant fit in the classroom, we are going to
  measure some scale models to get better
  understanding of how these objects are, compared
  with one another.

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Predict the relative sizes of Earth, Moon, and
Sun.

• What are your ideas about the sizes of the real
  Earth, Moon, and Sun
• Are they all the same size?
• Different sizes?
• If they are different sizes Which one is biggest
  or smallest?
• How different are their sizes?

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2-D Models

• The real Earth, Moon and Sun are all shaped like
  balls, but to start, we will use 2-dimesnsional
  disks or circles as models so their sizes can be
  measured more easily.

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Review Metric System

• Show with your fingers or arms your best
  approximation of the following metric unit.
• 1 millimeter
• 1 centimeter
• 1 meter

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Remember the Sheep and the Duck Story?

• The sheep, duck and chicken went 2000 meters up
  in the sky.
• How many kilometers is that?

2km
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Introduction to the Scale Ruler

• These rulers look similar to the measuring tapes
  we used in the last session, only the labels have
  been changed to help you figure our the real
  sizes of the Sun, Earth and Moon by measuring
  scale models.
• To help us, lets review what the new ruler says.
• 1mm ?
• 1cm ?
• 1m 3,000,000 km

3,000km, 30,000km
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How would you measure the scale model?

• Think, parts of a circle
• We also measured bubble this way.

Hand out worksheet
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Exit Slip.

• 4cm_______mm
• 2m________cm
• 50m_______cm

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Review our Measurements..(day2)

• Which is smallest?
• Which is biggest?

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The Sun is a STAR

• Even though it is so big compared to Earth, it is
  medium-sized for a star. We will learn more about
  why the sun looks about the same size as the Moon
  in the sky and why stars look so small in the sky
  when they are really so big.

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1.4 Concepts

• Some objects in the sky, such as the Sun, Moon,
  stars and planets are very large.
• Other objects in the sky, such as birds,
  satellites and airplanes, are relatively small.
• The Earth is very large
• The Moon is very large, but not as large as the
  Earth.
• The Sun is super huge compared to the Earth.
• The Sun is a star. Compared to other stars it is
  medium sized.

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Travel to the Moon and Mars Video

• http//www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?vzX550d524f04
  4b75537d0641tSpace-Exploration

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1.5 Sizes Near Far
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Now we know.. Over 1 hundred Earths fit across
the Sun.
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The
Is only about one-fourth the size of the
In diameter, so the
is much bigger than the Moon.
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• If the Sun is really so huge compared to the
  Moon, why do they look about the same size in the
  sky?

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A little preview

• With half of your table lets measure a piece of
  8X11 paper.
• Then measure the same size paper from across the
  room. (one piece for the class. It is on the
  chalkboard)
• What do you observe?

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Now lets measure a classmate.
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Ranking Objects by Size

• Each group will get a set of 10 cards.
• As a group, agree to put the pictures in order
  from biggest to smallest.( the back)

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1.5 Continue.

• Get your cards out Place them in the order you
  had them yesterday.
• Now I will give you new evidence about the items
  in each card.

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Remember our discussion about scientist and their
need for evidence?

• Well, Scientist change their minds based on new
  evidence all the time.
• This is one reason why scientist continue to do
  research and experiments.

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Look at this Picture, Does this change your order?
Write new number order on the back of the cards
in a different color? Dont erase old order
numbers.
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Now We will add more evidence..

• Actual sizes of the ten objects-
• House 25 Meters long
• Person A 1 Meter tall
• Person B 1 Meter 70 cm tall
• Moon 3500 km diameters
• Ball 60 cm
• Star A Betelgeuse 900,000,000 km diameter
• Star B Sirius B 12,000 km diameter
• Star C Rigel 84,000,000 km diameter
• Venus 12,1000 km diameter
• Car 25 cm long

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1.5 Key Concepts

• How big something looks and how big it really is
  can be very different.
• An object looks bigger when its closer. An
  object looks smaller when its father away
• The Sun looks bigger than other start because
  its a whole lot closer.
• The Sun looks the same size as the Moon because
  its much farther away than the Moon.

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http//player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?gui
dAssetId770EB2BC-DA26-476C-A45A-E2F8D74DA3FFblnF
romSearch1productcodeUS
Light years away video
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1.6 Ranking Space Objects by Size
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With your group, cut out these cards. Divide the
cards evenly.
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Use the category cards to sort the sky objects..
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Now Scientist, Ive come across some new
evidence. As I read the new evidence, take notes
so you will be able to resort your cards. (see
pages 180-186)
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Pass out Visual Chart of the Sizes of the
Planets.
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Concept There are many things in the Universe
that are much larger than the Sun.
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1.7 How Far Away Are They?
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Predict

• How far away are the clouds?
• -top of the tallest mountain?
• -the beginning of space?

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• Last week we measured the sizes of sky objects.
• Today we will measure the distances these objects
  are form Earth.

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What is Earths atmosphere?
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• In session 1 we learned that the Earth is
  surrounded by layers of gases, or air. Well the
  higher you go from the ground, the less air there
  is, until there's no air at all. It just slowly
  fades into space.
• When you measure the top of the atmosphere, you
  will be measuring to a point in the sky where
  there is very little air.

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• Some distances are too high to measure, even in
  this scale model.
• For these objects, we will find the distances
  written on the sheet and you will write down the
  number on your student sheet.

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Scale Ruler

• Scale Rulers change all the time. Today we will
  be working with a scale ruler that marks
• 1 cm 2 km.

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Concepts

• Some objects we see in the sky, such as birds and
  airplanes, are relatively close.
• The Moon is very far from us compared with
  objects in Earths atmosphere.

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1.8 Comparing Distances
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Read page 1

• Jumping from the Edge of Space
• (New measuring stations is in the back of the
  room)
• Answer questions

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Kittingers Jump

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vMQ7N6V-YKJ8feature
  related

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• Now that we have compared distances to the
  ground, we are going to compare distances of the
  Earth, Moon, and Sun.
• In relation to the scale model chart, where do
  you think the Sun is?

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• The scale model in the back of the room wont
  work well for comparing the distances of the
  Earth, Sun and Moon.
• Lets try to make a scale model with the 3-D Sun
  Earth and Moon.
• Predictions- If the distance to the Moon is 12
  CM, how far away is the Sun?

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We are going to pace off the distance to the Sun.

• Keep in mind the scale model.
• At this scale, 1 meter 3,000,000 km (one giant
  step)
• So, 10 giant steps 30,000,000

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Day 21.8 Cont..

• If I drew a line with Earth on one side and the
  Sun on the other could you tell me where the Moon
  would go?
• What if I gave you evidence? (hand out)
• Remember- Good scientist are open to changing
  their minds based on evidence.

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Concepts

• The atmosphere is ting compared to the size of
  Earth- like the skin of an apple .
• The Sun is much farther from Earth than the Moon
  is.

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1.9 How Our Scale Ideas Have Changed
Jupiter
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