2013 UK Careers Adviser Mission to China

1
(No Transcript)
2
2013 UK Careers Adviser Mission to China

• Have a clear, up-to-date and in-depth
• overview of the current employment
• situation in China.
• Gain a deeper understanding of different
• approaches to recruitment among China
• based companies.
• Learn of current opportunities available to
• and challenges faced by graduates from
• the UK in Chinas job market.

3
British Council China initiative Inaugural event
4
Chinas Economic Situation

• Chinas growth has been slower from 10 in the
  last 30
• years to predicted growth 7 from 2016
• Historic growth from urbanisation not
  sustainable (2
• Londons every 2 years)
• Future growth will come from productivity
  improvements
• Process improvement, improved supply chain,
  financial services industry
• Past growth has been coast and Inner Mongolia
  (coalfields)
• Future growth will be Sichuan, Chongqing and
  Tianjin (e.g. Intel) Tier2 cities

Alistair Thornton Senior China Economist IHS
5
(No Transcript)
6
The affects of the Economy on Graduates

• Slower growth impacting graduate recruitment
• Salaries fell in 2009 due to world economic
• recession
• Graduate aspirations are higher than reality
• initial starting salaries low
• will progress after 2-3 years
• graduates dont always see this and jump
• Employers need graduates with the right fit for
  their industries
• AND work experience is advantageous

Alistair Thornton Senior China Economist IHS
7
The affects of the Economy on Graduates

• No shortage of graduates
• Many graduates seek a graduate level
• role but need to consider entry level posts
• also
• Be prepared to wait for 2/3 years to gain
• significant career progression (including
• substantial salary rises)
• Need to show your capabilities in a job
• role first.

Alistair Thornton Senior China Economist IHS
8
Benefits of studying in the UK

• English language skills from a British
  education
• are not valued as they once were.
• Graduates must be able to demonstrate their
• strengths and capabilities, as well as the
  benefits
• from having studied in the UK
• Involvement in the local British culture is
  essential
• Must be able to bring something of the insight
  of
• what the UK is like, vital for Chinese
  companies
• competing in a global economy.

9
The impact of the Hukou

• Hukou restrictions needs urgent reform
• it can mean up to 10 years residency before
• Hokou can be transferred (10 years?)

Alistair Thornton Senior China Economist IHS
10
Fresh Graduate Talent Trends in ChinaEmployment
outlook

• 2012 many companies recruiting and making
  redundancies at the same time different skills
  being required
• 2013 world economy slowing down but China
  expecting a modest recovery with more jobs and
  higher salary increases
• Entire economy being repositioned move from
  made in China to invented in China and
  serviced in China
• Hard to predict

11
Fresh Graduate Talent Trends in ChinaSupply and
demand

• In most industries, planned increase in staffing
  levels is 10 and fresh graduates account for
  lots of that strong needs for fresh graduates
  across most industries
• But nearly 7 million fresh graduates in 2012 and
  rising annually
• Graduates are choosy, want a good job offer
• quality of job offers is variable
• 68.5 find a job
• an average of 2.12 job offers per graduate
• 24.5 go on to further study, 5.9 overseas

12
Chinese graduate job market in 2013

• SO, its very competitive..

13
Types of employers

• FIE - Foreign Investment Enterprises
• Offer leadership development, access to knowledge
  and leading technology, strong management systems
• POE - Privately Owned Enterprises
• Offer high earning potential, good career
  progression, autonomy
• SOE - State Owned Enterprises
• offer job security, work/life balance
• What is the individual graduate looking for?

14
Fresh graduates preferred Top Ten employers

• 1. China Mobile
• 2. Bank of China
• 3. Alibaba
• 4. Microsoft Corporation
• 5. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
• 6. Procter Gamble
• 7. PetroChina
• 8. Huawei
• Baidu
• 10. Google

15
Fresh Graduate Talent Trends in ChinaWhat do
graduates look for ?

• Career development, pay and working location are
  important
• Future of the industry, working environment and
  reputation of the employer are less important
• Work/life balance is unimportant

Fresh Graduate Talent Trends in ChinaHow do
graduates find jobs ?

• University website, campus flyers, university
  internet bulletin board system
• Chinese social networking sites
• Connections family ,organisations and alumni
  have a strong impact

16
Fresh Graduate Talent Trends in ChinaSalaries ?

• Starting pay is based on educational background
  masters can add 2,200 pa over degree out of an
  annual salary of 8,000 in tier 1 cities
• Overseas study still can have a premium but gap
  is closing
• Sales and marketing, and RD attract higher
  salaries than other functions - PhD much
  preferred in R D function
• Auto and healthcare industries offer highest
  starting salaries

17
Employers Recruitment Styles in China

• Recruitment methods are similar in most sectors
  including campus presentations, attending campus
  job fairs, applications by CV and possibly online
  tests, 1 or 2 rounds of interviews, assessment
  centre
• All focus on skills and mindset solid
  professional knowledge, development potential,
  work ethic, team focus, results-driven,
  innovative / entrepreneurial / think outside the
  box
• Typically recruit between Oct and Jan

18
State Owned Enterprises (SOE)

• Still very traditional in their recruitment
  methods
• Only hire from 211 Chinese universities and
  often family guanxi is also required
• May not have equal opportunities for male and
  female applicants for some roles
• Starting salaries tend be lower but do increase
  over time other benefits include organising the
  hukou and job stability
• Overseas educated Chinese need to be careful not
  to appear arrogant (improper mindset) as most
  co-workers will not have studied abroad and wont
  value this experience
• Expect some reverse culture shock at first

19
Quotes from / about SOEs

• Personality is not crucial a new graduate is
  like a tree- integrity (roots), reliability
  (trunk) and ability to learn (branches)
• In an SOE, people need to spend 50 of their
  energy on relationship building
• Chinese employers dont know which UK
  universities are the best so thats a big
  problem
• Some employers hate returners speaking English
  because they think they are arrogant need to be
  respectful of the company culture

20
Privately Owned Enterprises (POE)

• Recruitment is likely to be more open and based
  more on knowledge and skills
• There is no typical POE some have grown from
  SEOs and are therefore more traditional while
  others are small start ups and pay less but are
  more realistic for those not from 211s with
  guanxi
• It is possible to earn more money more quickly in
  a POE than in a SOE
• Proving your ability is important Jumpers-
  jumping too quickly and too often chasing
  higher salaries is a problem
• May get better salary and career progression by
  waiting and playing the long game

21
Quotes from / about POEs

• We can pay double for UK graduates with an IT
  undergraduate
• degree
• Graduates want a 20 p.a. pay rise so move on
  quickly
• Our graduates leave and go on to FIEs which is
  a success
• (if they have stayed for 2 or 3 years)

22
Foreign Investment Enterprises (FIE)

• Seen as being fairer in their hiring, including
  gender
• Value all UK work experience (more than others
  do)
• Focus is more on personality than where the
  graduate studiedAlso open minded about UG v PG
  degree
• Graduates are mentored, the focus is on career
  development
• Huge competition from overseas returners

23
Quotes from / about FIEs

• Hires from the UK meet our criteria very well,
  they are more mature than the locally educated
  Chinese
• We prefer the more aggressive and culturally
  aware overseas graduates

24
What do graduates want?

• job security - SOE
• get rich quick - POE
• professional skills - FIE

25
Fesco Adecco

•  
• No. of Chinese overseas student still growing
  UK 21,000 in 2007 to 56,000 in 2011
• 93 are financially self-supporting
• 63 returned to China when overseas study ended
  (Post Study Work visa still available at that
  time)
• 53 dont have a career plan on return
•  

26
Fesco Adecco

• Main problems on return relate to
• Positioning in labour market seen as
  unsuitable for higher posts but students
  unwilling to take lower ones
• Difficulties adapting to working environment
• Unrealistic expectations because of international
  and local pay and benefits differences
• An Inflated ego compared to domestic candidates
  has been mentioned
• Can give settling in and peer/management
  relationship issues
• Returnees could use www.Alumniuk.org.cn to find a
  job in China

27
Zhaopin.com Leading HR recruitment provider in
China

• 2012 230K Chinese educated graduates with
  returning graduates is 1.5m
• Returning Chinese Graduates
• 25.9 of HR companies say yes they would recruit
• 66 say no they would not recruit
• 7.97 say they dont like returning graduates
• Tips for Employment
• Innovation talent is valuable , Team work,
• Make use of Alumni resources and grasp valuable
  job opportunities.
• Salary
• Year 1 RMB 40K , 1 years  83K, 2 years  130K
  , 
• 3 years  327K

28
Key message for students

• Know what you want stability (SOEs), get rich
  quick (POEs) or professional development (FIE /
  MNCs)
• Dont assume that employers in China want the
  same things some want a 1 page CV, some 2
  pages, some want you to sell your overseas
  experience while others want more humility

29
Key message for students

• We are aware you will maintain and develop your
  networks back home, primarily using social media,
  while youre studying in the UK. However we
  encourage you to engage with UK students and your
  wider university to learn more about UK culture
  and to develop your communication skills as best
  you can
• Try to get the right work experience where
  possible
• Develop your interview skills learn the
  etiquette of the interview process. The Careers
  Service can help with all of these.
• Having a degree or PG degree from a foreign
  university does not automatically give you any
  advantage at the entry stage if you are Chinese,
  but when you do get in, work hard and stay loyal
  and the rewards will come

30
Key message for students

• A qualification is not enough. To be competitive
  and work with large global companies you need to
  really develop your English skills, integrate
  with UK and other nationals to understand and
  appreciate different cultures, learn to work with
  and cooperate with others and develop a range of
  key competences
• Important to keep in touch with the
  internship/graduate opportunities available at
  home alongside UK options

31
Key messages for students

• Networks with family and alumni are vital. Social
  Media is now massive in China and a major source
  of job vacancies.
• Returning graduates should be flexible re type
  of companies they are willing to work for, cities
  they will consider (not just tier 1 and 2), level
  of job they are willing to start with.
• Internships are important but any job where you
  are mixing with British people and developing
  your team work skills is seen as important.

32
Key messages for students

• Research the market place
• Have a clear, up-to-date and in-depth overview
  of the current
• employment situation in China.
• Gain a deeper understanding of different
  approaches to recruitment
• among China based companies.
• Decide on your career criteria, salary,
  lifestyle, career development etc
• Make the most of the opportunities in UK
  Universities
• English language practice and deeper
  understanding
• Chinese network useful for job hunting on
  return
• Get in touch with your alumni group in China
  whilst you are in the UK
• Work or voluntary experience
• Become familiar with the jobs websites and use
  your personal network
• Be familiar with reverse culture shock and get
  advice from alumni
• Apply early, dont wait until you get back to
  China

33
Where are the jobs advertised

• Company websites
• Newspapers e.g. South China Morning Post
• Fesco Adecco
• LinkedIn
• Monster
• Recommendations
• Weibo
• Job boards
• www.zhoapin.com
• www.51job.com
• www.chinahr.com
• www.baijob.com
• Focus on fresh graduates and interns
• www.yingjiesheng.com exclusively for fresh
  graduates
• Just for UK alumni www.alumniuk.org.cn make
  sure you sign up!

34
Compiled by Michele Zala collaborative
presentation contributions from Elizabeth
Bailey, Caroline Baldwin, Beth Cooper, Judy
Everett, Bob Gilworth, Iwan Griffiths, Matthew
Heap, David Levinson, Andrea Kreideweiss, Linda
Hanson, Shirley Marsland, Ellen OBrien, Rachael
Roberts, Alan Robertson,Siobhan Scanlon,
Margaret Wolff.
35
(No Transcript)
36
2013 UK Careers Adviser Mission to China

• Have a clear, up-to-date and in-depth
• overview of the current employment
• situation in China.
• Gain a deeper understanding of different
• approaches to recruitment among China
• based companies.
• Learn of current opportunities available to
• and challenges faced by graduates from
• the UK in Chinas job market.

37
British Council China initiative Inaugural event
38
Chinas Economic Situation

• Chinas growth has been slower from 10 in the
  last 30
• years to predicted growth 7 from 2016
• Historic growth from urbanisation not
  sustainable (2
• Londons every 2 years)
• Future growth will come from productivity
  improvements
• Process improvement, improved supply chain,
  financial services industry
• Past growth has been coast and Inner Mongolia
  (coalfields)
• Future growth will be Sichuan, Chongqing and
  Tianjin (e.g. Intel) Tier2 cities

Alistair Thornton Senior China Economist IHS
39
(No Transcript)
40
The affects of the Economy on Graduates

• Slower growth impacting graduate recruitment
• Salaries fell in 2009 due to world economic
• recession
• Graduate aspirations are higher than reality
• initial starting salaries low
• will progress after 2-3 years
• graduates dont always see this and jump
• Employers need graduates with the right fit for
  their industries
• AND work experience is advantageous

Alistair Thornton Senior China Economist IHS
41
The affects of the Economy on Graduates

• No shortage of graduates
• Many graduates seek a graduate level
• role but need to consider entry level posts
• also
• Be prepared to wait for 2/3 years to gain
• significant career progression (including
• substantial salary rises)
• Need to show your capabilities in a job
• role first.

Alistair Thornton Senior China Economist IHS
42
Benefits of studying in the UK

• English language skills from a British
  education
• are not valued as they once were.
• Graduates must be able to demonstrate their
• strengths and capabilities, as well as the
  benefits
• from having studied in the UK
• Involvement in the local British culture is
  essential
• Must be able to bring something of the insight
  of
• what the UK is like, vital for Chinese
  companies
• competing in a global economy.

43
The impact of the Hukou

• Hukou restrictions needs urgent reform
• it can mean up to 10 years residency before
• Hokou can be transferred (10 years?)

Alistair Thornton Senior China Economist IHS
44
Fresh Graduate Talent Trends in ChinaEmployment
outlook

• 2012 many companies recruiting and making
  redundancies at the same time different skills
  being required
• 2013 world economy slowing down but China
  expecting a modest recovery with more jobs and
  higher salary increases
• Entire economy being repositioned move from
  made in China to invented in China and
  serviced in China
• Hard to predict

45
Fresh Graduate Talent Trends in ChinaSupply and
demand

• In most industries, planned increase in staffing
  levels is 10 and fresh graduates account for
  lots of that strong needs for fresh graduates
  across most industries
• But nearly 7 million fresh graduates in 2012 and
  rising annually
• Graduates are choosy, want a good job offer
• quality of job offers is variable
• 68.5 find a job
• an average of 2.12 job offers per graduate
• 24.5 go on to further study, 5.9 overseas

46
Chinese graduate job market in 2013

• SO, its very competitive..

47
Types of employers

• FIE - Foreign Investment Enterprises
• Offer leadership development, access to knowledge
  and leading technology, strong management systems
• POE - Privately Owned Enterprises
• Offer high earning potential, good career
  progression, autonomy
• SOE - State Owned Enterprises
• offer job security, work/life balance
• What is the individual graduate looking for?

48
Fresh graduates preferred Top Ten employers

• 1. China Mobile
• 2. Bank of China
• 3. Alibaba
• 4. Microsoft Corporation
• 5. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
• 6. Procter Gamble
• 7. PetroChina
• 8. Huawei
• Baidu
• 10. Google

49
Fresh Graduate Talent Trends in ChinaWhat do
graduates look for ?

• Career development, pay and working location are
  important
• Future of the industry, working environment and
  reputation of the employer are less important
• Work/life balance is unimportant

Fresh Graduate Talent Trends in ChinaHow do
graduates find jobs ?

• University website, campus flyers, university
  internet bulletin board system
• Chinese social networking sites
• Connections family ,organisations and alumni
  have a strong impact

50
Fresh Graduate Talent Trends in ChinaSalaries ?

• Starting pay is based on educational background
  masters can add 2,200 pa over degree out of an
  annual salary of 8,000 in tier 1 cities
• Overseas study still can have a premium but gap
  is closing
• Sales and marketing, and RD attract higher
  salaries than other functions - PhD much
  preferred in R D function
• Auto and healthcare industries offer highest
  starting salaries

51
Employers Recruitment Styles in China

• Recruitment methods are similar in most sectors
  including campus presentations, attending campus
  job fairs, applications by CV and possibly online
  tests, 1 or 2 rounds of interviews, assessment
  centre
• All focus on skills and mindset solid
  professional knowledge, development potential,
  work ethic, team focus, results-driven,
  innovative / entrepreneurial / think outside the
  box
• Typically recruit between Oct and Jan

52
State Owned Enterprises (SOE)

• Still very traditional in their recruitment
  methods
• Only hire from 211 Chinese universities and
  often family guanxi is also required
• May not have equal opportunities for male and
  female applicants for some roles
• Starting salaries tend be lower but do increase
  over time other benefits include organising the
  hukou and job stability
• Overseas educated Chinese need to be careful not
  to appear arrogant (improper mindset) as most
  co-workers will not have studied abroad and wont
  value this experience
• Expect some reverse culture shock at first

53
Quotes from / about SOEs

• Personality is not crucial a new graduate is
  like a tree- integrity (roots), reliability
  (trunk) and ability to learn (branches)
• In an SOE, people need to spend 50 of their
  energy on relationship building
• Chinese employers dont know which UK
  universities are the best so thats a big
  problem
• Some employers hate returners speaking English
  because they think they are arrogant need to be
  respectful of the company culture

54
Privately Owned Enterprises (POE)

• Recruitment is likely to be more open and based
  more on knowledge and skills
• There is no typical POE some have grown from
  SEOs and are therefore more traditional while
  others are small start ups and pay less but are
  more realistic for those not from 211s with
  guanxi
• It is possible to earn more money more quickly in
  a POE than in a SOE
• Proving your ability is important Jumpers-
  jumping too quickly and too often chasing
  higher salaries is a problem
• May get better salary and career progression by
  waiting and playing the long game

55
Quotes from / about POEs

• We can pay double for UK graduates with an IT
  undergraduate
• degree
• Graduates want a 20 p.a. pay rise so move on
  quickly
• Our graduates leave and go on to FIEs which is
  a success
• (if they have stayed for 2 or 3 years)

56
Foreign Investment Enterprises (FIE)

• Seen as being fairer in their hiring, including
  gender
• Value all UK work experience (more than others
  do)
• Focus is more on personality than where the
  graduate studiedAlso open minded about UG v PG
  degree
• Graduates are mentored, the focus is on career
  development
• Huge competition from overseas returners

57
Quotes from / about FIEs

• Hires from the UK meet our criteria very well,
  they are more mature than the locally educated
  Chinese
• We prefer the more aggressive and culturally
  aware overseas graduates

58
What do graduates want?

• job security - SOE
• get rich quick - POE
• professional skills - FIE

59
Fesco Adecco

•  
• No. of Chinese overseas student still growing
  UK 21,000 in 2007 to 56,000 in 2011
• 93 are financially self-supporting
• 63 returned to China when overseas study ended
  (Post Study Work visa still available at that
  time)
• 53 dont have a career plan on return
•  

60
Fesco Adecco

• Main problems on return relate to
• Positioning in labour market seen as
  unsuitable for higher posts but students
  unwilling to take lower ones
• Difficulties adapting to working environment
• Unrealistic expectations because of international
  and local pay and benefits differences
• An Inflated ego compared to domestic candidates
  has been mentioned
• Can give settling in and peer/management
  relationship issues
• Returnees could use www.Alumniuk.org.cn to find a
  job in China

61
Zhaopin.com Leading HR recruitment provider in
China

• 2012 230K Chinese educated graduates with
  returning graduates is 1.5m
• Returning Chinese Graduates
• 25.9 of HR companies say yes they would recruit
• 66 say no they would not recruit
• 7.97 say they dont like returning graduates
• Tips for Employment
• Innovation talent is valuable , Team work,
• Make use of Alumni resources and grasp valuable
  job opportunities.
• Salary
• Year 1 RMB 40K , 1 years  83K, 2 years  130K
  , 
• 3 years  327K

62
Key message for students

• Know what you want stability (SOEs), get rich
  quick (POEs) or professional development (FIE /
  MNCs)
• Dont assume that employers in China want the
  same things some want a 1 page CV, some 2
  pages, some want you to sell your overseas
  experience while others want more humility

63
Key message for students

• We are aware you will maintain and develop your
  networks back home, primarily using social media,
  while youre studying in the UK. However we
  encourage you to engage with UK students and your
  wider university to learn more about UK culture
  and to develop your communication skills as best
  you can
• Try to get the right work experience where
  possible
• Develop your interview skills learn the
  etiquette of the interview process. The Careers
  Service can help with all of these.
• Having a degree or PG degree from a foreign
  university does not automatically give you any
  advantage at the entry stage if you are Chinese,
  but when you do get in, work hard and stay loyal
  and the rewards will come

64
Key message for students

• A qualification is not enough. To be competitive
  and work with large global companies you need to
  really develop your English skills, integrate
  with UK and other nationals to understand and
  appreciate different cultures, learn to work with
  and cooperate with others and develop a range of
  key competences
• Important to keep in touch with the
  internship/graduate opportunities available at
  home alongside UK options

65
Key messages for students

• Networks with family and alumni are vital. Social
  Media is now massive in China and a major source
  of job vacancies.
• Returning graduates should be flexible re type
  of companies they are willing to work for, cities
  they will consider (not just tier 1 and 2), level
  of job they are willing to start with.
• Internships are important but any job where you
  are mixing with British people and developing
  your team work skills is seen as important.

66
Key messages for students

• Research the market place
• Have a clear, up-to-date and in-depth overview
  of the current
• employment situation in China.
• Gain a deeper understanding of different
  approaches to recruitment
• among China based companies.
• Decide on your career criteria, salary,
  lifestyle, career development etc
• Make the most of the opportunities in UK
  Universities
• English language practice and deeper
  understanding
• Chinese network useful for job hunting on
  return
• Get in touch with your alumni group in China
  whilst you are in the UK
• Work or voluntary experience
• Become familiar with the jobs websites and use
  your personal network
• Be familiar with reverse culture shock and get
  advice from alumni
• Apply early, dont wait until you get back to
  China

67
Where are the jobs advertised

• Company websites
• Newspapers e.g. South China Morning Post
• Fesco Adecco
• LinkedIn
• Monster
• Recommendations
• Weibo
• Job boards
• www.zhoapin.com
• www.51job.com
• www.chinahr.com
• www.baijob.com
• Focus on fresh graduates and interns
• www.yingjiesheng.com exclusively for fresh
  graduates
• Just for UK alumni www.alumniuk.org.cn make
  sure you sign up!

68
Compiled by Michele Zala collaborative
presentation contributions from Elizabeth
Bailey, Caroline Baldwin, Beth Cooper, Judy
Everett, Bob Gilworth, Iwan Griffiths, Matthew
Heap, David Levinson, Andrea Kreideweiss, Linda
Hanson, Shirley Marsland, Ellen OBrien, Rachael
Roberts, Alan Robertson,Siobhan Scanlon,
Margaret Wolff.
69
(No Transcript)
70
2013 UK Careers Adviser Mission to China

• Have a clear, up-to-date and in-depth
• overview of the current employment
• situation in China.
• Gain a deeper understanding of different
• approaches to recruitment among China
• based companies.
• Learn of current opportunities available to
• and challenges faced by graduates from
• the UK in Chinas job market.

71
British Council China initiative Inaugural event
72
Chinas Economic Situation

• Chinas growth has been slower from 10 in the
  last 30
• years to predicted growth 7 from 2016
• Historic growth from urbanisation not
  sustainable (2
• Londons every 2 years)
• Future growth will come from productivity
  improvements
• Process improvement, improved supply chain,
  financial services industry
• Past growth has been coast and Inner Mongolia
  (coalfields)
• Future growth will be Sichuan, Chongqing and
  Tianjin (e.g. Intel) Tier2 cities

Alistair Thornton Senior China Economist IHS
73
(No Transcript)
74
The affects of the Economy on Graduates

• Slower growth impacting graduate recruitment
• Salaries fell in 2009 due to world economic
• recession
• Graduate aspirations are higher than reality
• initial starting salaries low
• will progress after 2-3 years
• graduates dont always see this and jump
• Employers need graduates with the right fit for
  their industries
• AND work experience is advantageous

Alistair Thornton Senior China Economist IHS
75
The affects of the Economy on Graduates

• No shortage of graduates
• Many graduates seek a graduate level
• role but need to consider entry level posts
• also
• Be prepared to wait for 2/3 years to gain
• significant career progression (including
• substantial salary rises)
• Need to show your capabilities in a job
• role first.

Alistair Thornton Senior China Economist IHS
76
Benefits of studying in the UK

• English language skills from a British
  education
• are not valued as they once were.
• Graduates must be able to demonstrate their
• strengths and capabilities, as well as the
  benefits
• from having studied in the UK
• Involvement in the local British culture is
  essential
• Must be able to bring something of the insight
  of
• what the UK is like, vital for Chinese
  companies
• competing in a global economy.

77
The impact of the Hukou

• Hukou restrictions needs urgent reform
• it can mean up to 10 years residency before
• Hokou can be transferred (10 years?)

Alistair Thornton Senior China Economist IHS
78
Fresh Graduate Talent Trends in ChinaEmployment
outlook

• 2012 many companies recruiting and making
  redundancies at the same time different skills
  being required
• 2013 world economy slowing down but China
  expecting a modest recovery with more jobs and
  higher salary increases
• Entire economy being repositioned move from
  made in China to invented in China and
  serviced in China
• Hard to predict

79
Fresh Graduate Talent Trends in ChinaSupply and
demand

• In most industries, planned increase in staffing
  levels is 10 and fresh graduates account for
  lots of that strong needs for fresh graduates
  across most industries
• But nearly 7 million fresh graduates in 2012 and
  rising annually
• Graduates are choosy, want a good job offer
• quality of job offers is variable
• 68.5 find a job
• an average of 2.12 job offers per graduate
• 24.5 go on to further study, 5.9 overseas

80
Chinese graduate job market in 2013

• SO, its very competitive..

81
Types of employers

• FIE - Foreign Investment Enterprises
• Offer leadership development, access to knowledge
  and leading technology, strong management systems
• POE - Privately Owned Enterprises
• Offer high earning potential, good career
  progression, autonomy
• SOE - State Owned Enterprises
• offer job security, work/life balance
• What is the individual graduate looking for?

82
Fresh graduates preferred Top Ten employers

• 1. China Mobile
• 2. Bank of China
• 3. Alibaba
• 4. Microsoft Corporation
• 5. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
• 6. Procter Gamble
• 7. PetroChina
• 8. Huawei
• Baidu
• 10. Google

83
Fresh Graduate Talent Trends in ChinaWhat do
graduates look for ?

• Career development, pay and working location are
  important
• Future of the industry, working environment and
  reputation of the employer are less important
• Work/life balance is unimportant

Fresh Graduate Talent Trends in ChinaHow do
graduates find jobs ?

• University website, campus flyers, university
  internet bulletin board system
• Chinese social networking sites
• Connections family ,organisations and alumni
  have a strong impact

84
Fresh Graduate Talent Trends in ChinaSalaries ?

• Starting pay is based on educational background
  masters can add 2,200 pa over degree out of an
  annual salary of 8,000 in tier 1 cities
• Overseas study still can have a premium but gap
  is closing
• Sales and marketing, and RD attract higher
  salaries than other functions - PhD much
  preferred in R D function
• Auto and healthcare industries offer highest
  starting salaries

85
Employers Recruitment Styles in China

• Recruitment methods are similar in most sectors
  including campus presentations, attending campus
  job fairs, applications by CV and possibly online
  tests, 1 or 2 rounds of interviews, assessment
  centre
• All focus on skills and mindset solid
  professional knowledge, development potential,
  work ethic, team focus, results-driven,
  innovative / entrepreneurial / think outside the
  box
• Typically recruit between Oct and Jan

86
State Owned Enterprises (SOE)

• Still very traditional in their recruitment
  methods
• Only hire from 211 Chinese universities and
  often family guanxi is also required
• May not have equal opportunities for male and
  female applicants for some roles
• Starting salaries tend be lower but do increase
  over time other benefits include organising the
  hukou and job stability
• Overseas educated Chinese need to be careful not
  to appear arrogant (improper mindset) as most
  co-workers will not have studied abroad and wont
  value this experience
• Expect some reverse culture shock at first

87
Quotes from / about SOEs

• Personality is not crucial a new graduate is
  like a tree- integrity (roots), reliability
  (trunk) and ability to learn (branches)
• In an SOE, people need to spend 50 of their
  energy on relationship building
• Chinese employers dont know which UK
  universities are the best so thats a big
  problem
• Some employers hate returners speaking English
  because they think they are arrogant need to be
  respectful of the company culture

88
Privately Owned Enterprises (POE)

• Recruitment is likely to be more open and based
  more on knowledge and skills
• There is no typical POE some have grown from
  SEOs and are therefore more traditional while
  others are small start ups and pay less but are
  more realistic for those not from 211s with
  guanxi
• It is possible to earn more money more quickly in
  a POE than in a SOE
• Proving your ability is important Jumpers-
  jumping too quickly and too often chasing
  higher salaries is a problem
• May get better salary and career progression by
  waiting and playing the long game

89
Quotes from / about POEs

• We can pay double for UK graduates with an IT
  undergraduate
• degree
• Graduates want a 20 p.a. pay rise so move on
  quickly
• Our graduates leave and go on to FIEs which is
  a success
• (if they have stayed for 2 or 3 years)

90
Foreign Investment Enterprises (FIE)

• Seen as being fairer in their hiring, including
  gender
• Value all UK work experience (more than others
  do)
• Focus is more on personality than where the
  graduate studiedAlso open minded about UG v PG
  degree
• Graduates are mentored, the focus is on career
  development
• Huge competition from overseas returners

91
Quotes from / about FIEs

• Hires from the UK meet our criteria very well,
  they are more mature than the locally educated
  Chinese
• We prefer the more aggressive and culturally
  aware overseas graduates

92
What do graduates want?

• job security - SOE
• get rich quick - POE
• professional skills - FIE

93
Fesco Adecco

•  
• No. of Chinese overseas student still growing
  UK 21,000 in 2007 to 56,000 in 2011
• 93 are financially self-supporting
• 63 returned to China when overseas study ended
  (Post Study Work visa still available at that
  time)
• 53 dont have a career plan on return
•  

94
Fesco Adecco

• Main problems on return relate to
• Positioning in labour market seen as
  unsuitable for higher posts but students
  unwilling to take lower ones
• Difficulties adapting to working environment
• Unrealistic expectations because of international
  and local pay and benefits differences
• An Inflated ego compared to domestic candidates
  has been mentioned
• Can give settling in and peer/management
  relationship issues
• Returnees could use www.Alumniuk.org.cn to find a
  job in China

95
Zhaopin.com Leading HR recruitment provider in
China

• 2012 230K Chinese educated graduates with
  returning graduates is 1.5m
• Returning Chinese Graduates
• 25.9 of HR companies say yes they would recruit
• 66 say no they would not recruit
• 7.97 say they dont like returning graduates
• Tips for Employment
• Innovation talent is valuable , Team work,
• Make use of Alumni resources and grasp valuable
  job opportunities.
• Salary
• Year 1 RMB 40K , 1 years  83K, 2 years  130K
  , 
• 3 years  327K

96
Key message for students

• Know what you want stability (SOEs), get rich
  quick (POEs) or professional development (FIE /
  MNCs)
• Dont assume that employers in China want the
  same things some want a 1 page CV, some 2
  pages, some want you to sell your overseas
  experience while others want more humility

97
Key message for students

• We are aware you will maintain and develop your
  networks back home, primarily using social media,
  while youre studying in the UK. However we
  encourage you to engage with UK students and your
  wider university to learn more about UK culture
  and to develop your communication skills as best
  you can
• Try to get the right work experience where
  possible
• Develop your interview skills learn the
  etiquette of the interview process. The Careers
  Service can help with all of these.
• Having a degree or PG degree from a foreign
  university does not automatically give you any
  advantage at the entry stage if you are Chinese,
  but when you do get in, work hard and stay loyal
  and the rewards will come

98
Key message for students

• A qualification is not enough. To be competitive
  and work with large global companies you need to
  really develop your English skills, integrate
  with UK and other nationals to understand and
  appreciate different cultures, learn to work with
  and cooperate with others and develop a range of
  key competences
• Important to keep in touch with the
  internship/graduate opportunities available at
  home alongside UK options

99
Key messages for students

• Networks with family and alumni are vital. Social
  Media is now massive in China and a major source
  of job vacancies.
• Returning graduates should be flexible re type
  of companies they are willing to work for, cities
  they will consider (not just tier 1 and 2), level
  of job they are willing to start with.
• Internships are important but any job where you
  are mixing with British people and developing
  your team work skills is seen as important.

100
Key messages for students

• Research the market place
• Have a clear, up-to-date and in-depth overview
  of the current
• employment situation in China.
• Gain a deeper understanding of different
  approaches to recruitment
• among China based companies.
• Decide on your career criteria, salary,
  lifestyle, career development etc
• Make the most of the opportunities in UK
  Universities
• English language practice and deeper
  understanding
• Chinese network useful for job hunting on
  return
• Get in touch with your alumni group in China
  whilst you are in the UK
• Work or voluntary experience
• Become familiar with the jobs websites and use
  your personal network
• Be familiar with reverse culture shock and get
  advice from alumni
• Apply early, dont wait until you get back to
  China

101
Where are the jobs advertised

• Company websites
• Newspapers e.g. South China Morning Post
• Fesco Adecco
• LinkedIn
• Monster
• Weibo
• www.zhoapin.com
• www.51job.com
• www.chinahr.com
• www.baijob.com
• www.yingjiesheng.com exclusively for fresh
  graduates
• Just for UK alumni www.alumniuk.org.cn make
  sure you sign up!

102
Specialist Careers Websites

• Gradlink China http//www.gradlinkuk.com/china.php
  ,
• Gradlink India http//www.gradlinkuk.com/india.php
  
• Gradlink Malaysia http//www.gradlinkuk.com/malays
  ia.php
• graduate vacancies, employers in your home
  country who recognise the value of recruiting UK
  educated graduates and job sector information.

103
www.bradford.ac.uk/careers/international-students

• Working in the UK whilst studying
• Internships and placements
• Working in the UK after your studies
• Looking to find work in your home or another
  country after your studies
• Making the most of your time in the UK
• Further study in the UK
• Further study overseas
• Sources of help