SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY

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SEMINAR ON VIRTUAL SURGERY

• SUBMITTED TO
  SUBMITTED BY
• Lect. Sapna Gambhir
  Neha
• 
  MNW-888-2k11
• 
  
  CN
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• 
  
  

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INTRODUCTION

• Advancement in computing power have enable
  continued growth in virtual reality,
  visualization and simulation technology
• Virtual reality is defined as human computer
  interface that simulate realistic environments
  while enabling participant interaction, as a 3D
  digital world that accurately models actual
  environment.

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Need for Virtual Surgery

• In surgery, the life of the patient is of utmost
  importance.
• Many patient have lost lives because of surgical
  errors.
• VR provide good tool to experiment the various
  complications arise during surgery

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Introduction of Virtual Surgery

• It refers to a virtual reality simulation
• Actual patient is not required
• Doctors can practice on a virtual patient before
  performing the surgery

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What is Virtual Surgery

• Virtual Surgery, in general is a Virtual reality
  technique of simulating surgery, which helps
  surgeons improve surgery plans and practice
  surgery process on 3D models.
• The virtual surgery is based on the patient
  specific model, so when real surgery takes place,
  the surgeon is already familiar with all the
  specific operations that are to be employed

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HISTORY

• The first virtual surgery was performed in 17
  Aug 2009 when Dr. David clarke in Halifax,Nova
  Scotia removed a brain tumour 24 hours after
  removing a simulated tissue.
• Project Odysseus was developed to form a 3D image
  of a persons liver to allow surgeons to train
  before a surgery.
• France Telecom also develop a communication
  system for the project callde argonaute

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Virtual Reality Technique

• It is a virtual reality technique of simulating
  surgery procedure
• It helps surgeons in improving surgery plans
• They practice surgery process on 3D models
• Virtual surgical tools or gloves are connected to
  motion sensors where the users can physically
  feel the difference in simulated tissue and
  organs.

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Virtual Reality Application

• Training education
• Surgical planning
• Image Guidance
• Tele surgery

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Training Education

• Traditionally textbooks images or cadavers were
  used
• Today VR simulators are becoming the training
  method
• It allows the users to view the anatomy from wide
  range of angles

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Surgical Planninig

• Traditionally surgeon calculates various
  parameter procedures
• This leads to lot of errors
• Virtual reality helps in reducing errors
• Plans surgery in reliable manner

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IMAGE GUIDANCE

• The integration of advanced imaging technology,
  image processing and 3D graphical capabilities
  has led to great interest in image guidance and
  computer-aided surgery.
• It also provide useful in Robotic Surgery, a new
  technique in which surgeon remotely manipulate
  robotic tool inside the patient body

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Tele Surgery

• Allows surgeon to operate on people
• People are physically seperated from themselves
• Done through master-slave robot

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Virtual Reality Simulation

• 3D image simulation
• Touch simulation

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3D Image Simulation

• Generate a 3D model
• Depending upon this simulation needed, anatomical
  images can be derived from series of patients
  MRI or video recording, which are 2D images.
• Images are segmented and constraints are imposed.

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Cont

• Then we construct a reference model.
• After that obtain final model by deforming the
  reference model.

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Touch Simulation

• Simulating haptic touch sensation.
• Calculation of force applied to cut punchers
  the various tissue.
• Haptic goes a long way to make virtual reality
  simulators more life like

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Virtual Reality Simulators

• Consist of powerful PC
• Run the software
• To interact with virtual environment
• The addition of haptics to virtual environments
  has provided computer users with the ability of
  expression in multiple dimension.

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Importance of VR

• Minimizes the no of medical mistakes
• Effective use minimal access surgical technique
• Better training in anatomy and surgical skill
  which reduces the need for cadavers.

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Disadvantages

• Short coming in realism of simulation
• Costly
• Need human computer interfaces
• Conflicts between sensory information

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THANKS