EDUCATION

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EDUCATION

• Education is a Progressive discovery of our own
  ignorance.
• -Will Durant

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CASE 3
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HARD TICKS vs. SOFT TICKS
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COMMONLY FOUND TICKS
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Tick life cycle
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Tick life cycle
Female lays 1,000 to 2,000 eggs before dying
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Ticks

• HOW TICKS INJURE ANIMALS
• Irritation of the bite wound
• Vector for diseases
• Monocytic and Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis
• Lyme Disease
• Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
• Tick Paralysis
• Many others
• Clinical signs vary with disease
• Dx finding tick on physical exam hx of exposure
  to wooded and grassy areas

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Ticks

• Treatment Manually remove ticks
• Grasp head parts close to skin with forceps (NOT
  HANDS) and pull backwards no gasoline,
  cigarettes, etc.
• Topical treatments (sprays, shampoos, powder,
  dips)
• Collars
• Topical systemic products
• Client Info
• Routinely check pets for ticks, esp. after walks
  in parks, etc.
• Do not use bare hands to remove and kill ticks
  blood may be infectious
• Ticks will feed on humans

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Tick paralysis
Dermacentor variabilis
Dermacentor andersoni
Neurotoxin in saliva of gravid female
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CASE 4
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CASE 4
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Burrowing Mites

• Family Sarcoptidae
• Small, round, live in
• skin tunnels. Short
• legs close to body.
• Sarcoptes,
• Notoedres,
• Knemidocoptes
• Trixacarus

• Family Demodicidae
• Live in hair follicles.
• Adults cigar shaped.
• Demodex canis
• Demodex cati
• Demodex gatoi

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Mites (Demodectic mange)
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Demodex

• Demodex - Inhabits hair follicles, sebaceous
  glands or apocrine sweat glands
• D. canis
• Normal inhabitant in small numbers
• Spends entire life cycle on host
• Immune system controls infestation
• Genetic predisposition
• Localized or generalized
• Transmission
• Have not seen dog-to-dog or dog-to-human
  transmission

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Demodex

• Demodex cati (right)
• Demodex canis (left)

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Demodex

• D. cati
• Similar to D. canis lives in hair follicles
• D. gatoi - 2nd most common demodex mite on cat
• Fat (broad, blunted abdomen)
• Lives more superficial in stratum corneum
• More pruritic

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• Demodex gatoi

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DEMODEX
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Demodex

• Clinical Signs
• Localized
• Young dog (3m-1 y)
• Alopecia esp. on face
• Erythema, /-crusty lesions
• Not pruritic unless secondary infections are
  present
• Generalized
• Often febrile
• Entire body surface involved
• Can result in protein loss through wounds
• Secondary bacterial infection - pustules

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Demodex

• Treatment
• Localized
• Goodwinol (Rotenone) topical daily
• Bactoderm (mupirocin)

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DEMODEX

• Treatment
• Generalized
• Mitaban (amitraz) topical dip
• FDA approved treatment
• Side Effects sedation for 12-24 hrs (up to 72
  hrs)
• Ivermectin SQ or PO
• extralabel use client should sign a release
  form
• CAUTION in herding breeds
• Side Effects ataxia, bradycardia, mydriasis,
  respiratory arrest, salivation, stupor and
  tremors
• Treatment recommended for 3 months
• Oral antibiotics for secondary bacterial
  infections

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Demodex

• Generalized
• Milbemycin oxime off label
• Fewer Side effects
• Expensive for large dogs
• may be cost prohibitive

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Demodex Rx
Approved
OFF-LABEL USE - SQ or PO
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DEMODEX

• Client Info
• Many animals outgrow demodex as they age
• Not contagious to humans
• Tx does not completely remove mites
• If breeding dog, then do not treat and do not
  breed if does not clear on its own
• Strongly recommend OHE with treatment or will
  relapse with heat cycles
• Generalized form can be fatal.

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CASE 5
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Mites (Sarcoptic mange Scabies)
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Burrowing Mites

• Sarcoptes scabei in humans

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Sarcoptic Mange

• Species specific
• Adults live 4-5 weeks
• Egg-larva-nymph-adult life cycle
• 17-21 days
• Entire life cycle on skin
• Infective in house environment for 24-36 hrs
• Burrows under skin stratum corneum
• Hypersensitivity reaction causes extreme pruritis

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SARCOPTES

• Clincal Signs
• Red crusty lesions on ears, elbows and trunk
• Intensely pruritic
• Progressively more severe

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Sarcoptic mange

• Dx superficial skin scraping difficult to find
  mite
• Tx relatively easily killed
• Mitaban (Amitraz) extralabel use for sarcoptes
• Ivermectin extralabel use
• Revolution (selamectin) approved
• Lime Sulfur Dips
• Client Info highly contagious to other dogs and
  humans