Unit XIII: Respiration and Gas Exchange

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Unit XIII Respiration and Gas Exchange

• Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
• Movement into and out of the organism

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A. Adaptations for Gas Exchange 1.
__________________________________ Exchange
________ and ____________ between the organism
and the environment Must be a) ____________
to allow __________ to occur quickly b)
_________ because O2 and CO2 are dissolved in
water c) ___________________________ usually
the external environment d)
_____________________________ to be able to carry
O2 to the cells The larger the
______________ the more materials can be
exchanged
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2. Gas Exchange in Protists -
___________________ - Use _________ through
the cell membrane remember this is how
it happens in all animals it is just
how we get the gases
3. Gas Exchange in the Hydra - Like the
protists it happens by ___________ between
the environment and cell membranes
- No special respiratory structures why?
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4. Gas Exchange in LARGE Multicellular animals
a) Aquatic vs. Terrestrial - O2 in water is
usually less than 1 but O2 in air is 20 -
O2 diffuses slower in water than in air -
Air breathers must keep their respiratory surface
moist b) Respiratory Pigments - allow
the blood to carry more O2 than just plain water
- ex _________________
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c) Gas Exchange in the Earthworm -
________________________ thin and special
cells secrete ___________________ -
Beneath the skin there are large numbers of
_______________ - Drought vs Rain
d) Gas Exchange in the Grasshopper -
______________________ - Use a system of
tubes, ___________________ to carry O2
and CO2 to and from the body cells -
_________________________ ______ to carry O2
and CO2 - _________________________
____________ openings in the abdomen
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e) Gas Exchange through Gills - internal /
external - used by fish, clams, lobsters, some
salamanders, etc. - Gills ___________________
____________________ - Provide a
_____________________________________ -
_____________________________________________
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B. Human Respiratory System 1. Organs of the
Respiratory System _________________________
____________________________
__________________________________
a) ____________________________ -
______________________________ -
________________________________________
- ______________________________________ -
________________________________________ - When
you breathe through your mouth you dont get
these advantages
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b) ___________________ back of the throat -
_________ directs air to the lungs blocks
food from entering the lungs c)
______________________________ - ______
_______ located on top of the trachea
______________________________ - Trachea
is covered with _________ on the outside of
the tube ? keeps it open but the cartilage
is flexible enough to allow the trachea to
expand and contract - Inside the trachea the
cells are lined with ___________________ d)
________________ - large tubes that lead to
the left and right lung
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e) ______________________ - small branches of
the bronchi inside the lungs f)
______________________ - _________________
located at the ends of the bronchioles -
walls ________________ ? ___________________
- covered with ____________ ?
_____________________
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2. Breathing - Lungs do not contain muscle
tissue need help to move air - _________
_____ that aids in breathing a) ____________
draws air in 1) Ribs move _____________
2) Diaphragm ____________ 3) Volume
_______________ _____________________
4) Pressure ______________ 5) Air moves
____________
b) Exhalation forces air out 1) Ribs move ___
and ____ 2) Diaphragm moves _____ 3) Volume in
chest cavity _____ 4) Pressure ____ 5) Air move
____
c) Respiratory Center in the Brain - measures
amount of CO2 in blood ? why not O2? -
involuntary control of breathing
Breathing
Breathing animation
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3. Diseases of the Human Respiratory System
a) _________________ - _________________________
_____ ______________________________ -
______________________________
______________________________ -
______________________________ ___________________
___________
b) _________________ - _________________________
_____ - ______________________________
______________________________ -
______________________________ -
______________________________
______________________________
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c) ______________________________ -
______________________________, ______________,
___________________ - ___________________________
___ - ______________________________
______________________________
d) ______________________________ -
______________________________
______________________________
e) ______________________________ -
______________________________
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f) DO NOT SMOKE - it causes and aggravates
many respiratory disease some effects are
irreversible - its your choice