Cultural Geography B

1
Cultural Geography B

• ISLAM

2
Muhammad

• Lives in time of great violence bloodshed
• Retreats to cave where he fasts prays
• Voice of Angel Gabriel comes to him
• Preach to all people
• Muhammad begins to spread his message
• Like other religions, slow start

3
Hejira

• Migration of Muhammad followers
• From Mecca to Medina
• Turning point of Islam
• Increases following in Medina
• Returns to Mecca with strong army
• By 632 controls the Arabian Peninsula

4
Teachings of Islam

• No god but Allah
• Muhammad is his Prophet
• Islam means submission
• Muslim One who submits to god

5
5 Pillars

• 1. Proclaim belief in one god
• 2. Prayer (5 times a day facing Mecca)
• 3. Charity to poor aged
• 4. Fasting during Ramadan
• 5. Hajj Pilgrimage to Mecca

6
The 6th Pillar?

• Jihad (seen by some as the 6th pillar)
• Inner struggle against vice sin
• Attempt to achieve peace
• Battle in defense of Islam
• More recently viewed as battle against infidels
  infidel countries (Terrorism)

7
The Koran

• Islamic Bible/holybook
• Exact words spoken by Allah to Muhammad
• Authority on all subjects
• Once forbidden to be translated
• Says everyone is equal

8
Reasons for Islam's success

• Lure of riches (Crusades)
• Die in battle receive place in paradise
• Teaches human rights and equality
• Tolerance, did not force conversion
• Afterlife

9
Divisions within Islam

• 30 years after death of Muhammad
• Split between Sunni Shiite
• Ali (Muhammads son in law murdered)
• Rival leader claims office of Caliph
• Alis son challenges is also murdered
• Followers break away (Shiites) (Believe Caliph
  should be direct descendant of Muhammad)

10
Sunni Muslims

• Around 1 billion followers
• 90 of Muslims
• Located in nearly all Muslim countries

11
Shiite Muslims

• 120 million followers
• 10 of Muslims
• Located in Iran, Iraq, Yemmen

12
Muslims Around the World

• Over 1 billion (More than Catholics)
• 2nd largest religion
• Fastest growing religion
• Indonesia most populated Muslim country

13
(No Transcript)
14
American Muslims

• 8 million
• About 40 African American
• Not all Muslims are Arabs, Not all Arabs are
  Muslims

15
(No Transcript)