Before the Inca

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Before the Inca

• Chimu Culture
• Tiwanaku
• Wari
• Paracas

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Coastal Peru

• Chimu culture AD 1000 - AD1500
• Masters of adobe construction
• Innovators of hydraulic irrigation
• Master weavers and metal workers

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• City of Chan Chan covered 27 sq Km (7.5 miles)
• All buildings constructed of adobe
• Agriculture made possible through massive
  irrigation engineering.

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• As Moche culture declined, Chimu were on the
  rise.
• By 800-900 AD a small settlement had been founded
  on the Moche River.
• A large, sprawling coastal city grew at the site
• Multiple flat topped mounds

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• Several satellite settlements north and south
  along the coast.
• City had a population estimated at 25,000.
• Two Inca practices are traceable to Chimu mita
  system and split inheritance.

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• Mita labor Taxation in the form of labor
  tribute.
• Split inheritance when a leader dies, the
  successor to the throne receives the title and
  office only. Palace, land and wealth are
  distributed among the corporate group or junior
  kinsmen.

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Wooden figures at Chan Chan. Likely votive
offerings. Many are found in niches in structure
walls.
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Paracas

• Known mainly for fine textiles and pottery
• Similarities in motifs with Chavin culture.
• Images on textiles help identify shaman and
  supernatural figures.
• Early practitioners of repousse technique in gold
  work.

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Tiwanaku

• Andean Bolivia. Culture settled first at Lake
  Titicaca ca. 2000 BC
• High desert region (altiplanao) 12,600 feet above
  sea level.
• One village became center of ceremonial life
  around 800 BC. This would grow into Tiwanaku.

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• It is suggested among Inca sources that the Inca
  learned stonework from Tiwanaku.
• Tiwanaku also likely the source of the economic
  system used and perfected by the Inca.

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• Monumental architecture begins around first
  century AD.
• Stepped platforms oriented on cardinal axis, grid
  pattern.
• Several stones used in construction weighed more
  than 11 tons and were quarried 62 miles away.

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Gateway of the Sun
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Tiwanaku economic and political control in the
region lasted until about 1000 AD. Similar
styles and artistic elements with the more
militaristic Wari culture.
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