CENTENNIAL COLLEGE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

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CENTENNIAL COLLEGE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
APPLIED SCIENCEVS 361 Introduction to GIS

• DATA SOURCES OF GIS
• COURSE NOTES

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VECTORDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• Topographic Mapping - surface features captured
  via aerial photography or ground surveys.
• Cadastral Mapping - legal definition of property
  lines, easements and streetlines. Also known as
  Property or Parcel Mapping.
• Road Network - single line representation of
  travelled portion of road.
• Address Data - point or line representation of
  municipal addresses.
• Census Data - spatial data with associated census
  statistics.
• Aerial Imagery - raster back drop of aerial
  photograph/satellite imagery.

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TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPINGDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• FEDERAL - 1250,000 150,000
• PROVINCIAL - 120,000, 110,000
• MUNICIPAL - 15,000 1500

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TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPINGDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• PURPOSE
• Provides base map for location and context
  information.
• Illustrates important information.
• Contributes features towards analysis.
• Site/context maps
• Design construction base

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TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING FEDERALDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC DATA BASE (NTDB)
• Digital version of hardcopy published National
  Topographic Sheet (NTS).
• Available _at_ 1250,000 150,000
• Covers most of Canada.
• Currency can be limited 1983-1988
• A 150,000 map sheet covers an area approximately
  1000 square kilometres.

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TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING FEDERALDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• CONTENT
• Contours elevation contour lines point
  elevation indicators
• Hydrography both natural anthropogenic
  shorelines, rivers, lakes etc. (i.e. reservoir,
  breakwater, wharf)
• Physiography geomorphological features forest
  covers (i.e. eskers, swamps)
• Boundaries international boundaries
• Roadways highways, roads, streets paths used by
  motor vehicles
• Transportation railways, airports, heliports, and
  related features
• Culture structures and facilities, represented by
  an outline or point symbol
• Cultural Typonomy labels of some cultural
  features (i.e. silo, greenhouse)
• Typonomy place names of cities, towns and
  settled areas names of roads lakes
• Area Features agricultural and recreational
  regions (i.e. golf courses, natural reserves,
  orchards, tree nurseries)
• Cartographic Control Layer map neatline other
  extraneous data used by Natural Resources Canada
  to specify the placement of text and colour.

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NTDB MappingDATA SOURCES OF GIS
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NTDB 1250,000 MappingDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• 1250 000 is considered to be a
  reconnaissance-type map.
• Covers the same area of land as 16 150 000 scale
  maps.
• A full 1250 000 scale map shows an area
  approximately the size of Prince Edward Island.

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NTDB 150,000 Mapping DATA SOURCES OF GIS
RURAL
URBAN
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TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING PROVINCIALDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• ONTARIO BASE MAPPING
• MNR owned and operated
• Urban Areas at 110,000 covering an area of 25
  square kilometres
• Rural Areas at 120,000 covering an area of 100
  square kilometres.

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ONTARIO BASE MAPPINGDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• Derived From Aerial Photography Nominal Aerial
  Photography Scale 130,000 (110,000 OBM)
  150,000 (120,000 OBM)
• Date of Aerial Photography Varies 1980 - 1989
• Absolute Positional Accuracy 5/10 m
• Absolute Vertical Accuracy 2.5/5 m
• Contour Interval 5/10 m
• Sheet Size 5000m x 5000m (25 sq. km.)/10,000m x
  10,000m (25 sq. km)
• File Format(s) ArcExport, Shape, DWG, DXF
• Approximate File Size 3MB / Sheet

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ONTARIO BASE MAPPINGDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• Building as Symbol
• Building to Scale When structures have one
  dimension larger than 50 metres for the 120000
  scale and larger
• Contour lines indicate the shape of terrain
  features on a map.
• Drainage Line indicates flow or flow obstruction
  information about a river or stream.
• Drainage Point indicates flow or flow
  obstruction information about a river or stream.
• Geographic Township indicates the fundamental
  land subdivision fabric of the Province. Each
  Geographic Township area may or may not be the
  same as the jurisdictional area of the township.
• Land Ownership identifies the ownership and
  general use of an area of land.
• Lot identifies a surveyed area that is a portion
  of a Concession within a GeographicTownship.
• Mine Site A Mine Site identifies the surface
  level area and structures occupied by a facility
  used to extract mineral ores from the ground.
• National Park National Parks are federally
  managed areas that protect outstanding natural
  features, landscapes, and wilderness areas.
• Provincial Park, Regulated An area of public
  lands set aside under the Provincial Parks Act to
  protect provincially significant natural,
  cultural, and recreational environments. Ontario
  provincial parks are classified
• Railway is a portion of a line of steel track
  providing a runway for trains and other wheeled
  vehicles.
• Road Segment identifies a length of road having
  similar features and rankings.
• Spot Height identifies the elevation of a
  significant geographic feature.
• Waterbody Segment identifies a segment of a body
  of water such as a lake, pond, river,stream, or
  reservoir.
• Wooded Area identifies an area covered by trees.

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ONTARIO BASE MAPPINGDATA SOURCES OF GIS
120,000
110,000
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TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING MUNICIPALDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• Topographic mapping is expensive to create and
  maintain--cost avoidance!
• Most detailed of all data sets.
• Physical features must be collected via
  photogrammetry or land survey methods.
• Topographic maps should represent the
  as-found/as-built environment.
• Most municipalities either pay for updates or
  subscribe to orthoimagery as a substitute.

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TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING - ESMDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• ENTERPRISE STEROSCOPIC MODEL
• CITY OF TORONTO

• 2000 aerial images
• 200 Gb
• 2 Year cycle
• Full 3D
• Vectors
• Orthoimages
• DTM
• Over 6,000,000 features

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CADASTRAL MAPPINGDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• PURPOSE
• Defines property limits for planning and
  management.
• Tax assessment
• Zoning
• Streetline establishes limit of Capital Works
• Agency owned property
• Identifies public vs private owned lands
• Easements, e.g. sewer water

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CADASTRAL MAPPING FEDERALDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• Cadastral features are on the NTDB maps
• Geographic Township fabric
• Township lots
• Federal and Provincial parks
• Indian Reserves
• Small scale
• Currency not much of a factor considering
  features tend to be static

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CADASTRAL MAPPING PROVINCIAL/PRIVATE SECTORDATA
SOURCES OF GIS

• TERANET
• Originated as a quasi-provincial government
  agency
• Province of Ontario Land Registration Information
  System (POLARIS)
• Database used for title searching of Land
  Registry Office
• This data is stored and managed in the POLARIS
  database
• The Title Index Database (which replaces the
  paper abstract indexes and parcel registers)
• The Property Index Database (which provides a
  visual index map of properties)
• The Image Database (which contains images of
  active instruments in the Title Index Database as
  well as plans)
• The POLARIS database is a transaction-based
  system and is updated as new documents are
  registered, amendments to property boundaries are
  made to the respective maps.

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CADASTRAL MAPPING MUNICIPALDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• Those municipalities that choose not to enter
  into agreement with TERANET choose to maintain
  their own parcel base.
• City of Toronto maintains a large scale (1500)
  cadastral database.
• The key attribute is Assessment Roll Number that
  provides a link to the Muncipal Property
  Assessment Corporation (MPAC) and the Toronto
  Property System
• The streeline is critical to the Capital Works
  Program.

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ROAD NETWORKDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• PURPOSE
• Provides base map for location and context
  information.
• Site/context maps
• 911 Emergency Response
• Routing
• Transportation planning.

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ROAD NETWORK FEDERALDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• The Canadian Road Network (CRN) is the name of
  the national digital information base of Canada's
  road infrastructure.
• The CRN was created by extracting and
  reclassifying road infrastructure data from the
  National Topographic Data Base (NTDB) 1250,000.
• The CRN only contains structured data relating to
  roads, which means it omits the topographic
  details normally seen on maps. Additional
  attributes, such as road numbers and highway exit
  numbers, have been added.

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ROAD NETWORK PROVINCIALDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• Ontario Ministry of Health (MOH) maintains a
  province wide road network for coordination of
  911 Emergency Response
• See city website..

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ROAD NETWORK MUNICIPALDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• Many municipalities will maintain their own Road
  Network for
• 911 Emergency Response
• Transportation planning infrastruture
  management, e.g. Road Classification
• Routing, e.g. Garbage Collection
• Cartographic base for small scale mapping
• Typically 15,000 accuracy

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ROAD NETWORK PRIVATE SECTORDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• DMTI Spatial

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ADDRESS DATADATA SOURCES OF GIS

• PURPOSE
• Provides location - GEOCODING.
• Critical to 911 Emergency Response.
• Particularly important to municipal agency with
  governance over assigning new addresses, street
  naming and renaming.
• The more development the more management required
  the greater the need detail.

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ADDRESS RANGE DATADATA SOURCES OF GIS

• Address range as an attribute on line segment.
• No indiviual address point location required.

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ADDRESS POINT BY RANGE DATADATA SOURCES OF GIS

• Location of address point calculated based on
  proportioning along segment within range.
• Address Point typically located in Right-of-Way
  (ROW).

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ADDRESS POINT BY RANGE DATADATA SOURCES OF GIS

• Lots of variable frontage present problems.

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ADDRESS PARCEL CENTROIDDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• Address is located as parcel centroid.

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CENSUS DATADATA SOURCES OF GIS

• Statistics Canada is legislated (Statistics Act)
  to administer and compile Census data.
• Definition of Electoral Wards
• Fundamental boundaries Enumeration Areas, Census
  Tracts (CT), and Census Metropolitan Areas
  (CMAs).
• Secondary attributes table provided along with
  the spatial data.
• This is the only source, other private sector
  firms will add value and resell.

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CENSUS DATADATA SOURCES OF GIS

• analyze economic performance
• develop fiscal, monetary, and foreign exchange
  policies
• shape international tariffs and trade
  negotiations
• develop policies and programs to assist small
  businesses
• support policy development and evaluate
  government programs on economic and social
  well-being
• improve allocation of government program funding
  by determining their social and economic effects
• support the regulatory and legislative
  requirements of government
• draw electoral boundaries
• determine equalization payments and other
  federal-provincial fiscal transfers
• adjust inflation-indexed contracts and
  entitlements
• develop programs to promote domestic and
  international competitiveness
• support immigration policies and programs
• support tourism strategies and programs
• assess the cost-effectiveness of health care and
  education programs
• monitor the justice systems effectiveness and
  efficiency
• select sites for schools and public
  transportation
• develop programs such as day care and subsidized
  housing.

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POPULATION DATADATA SOURCES OF GIS
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AGE SEX DATADATA SOURCES OF GIS
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DATA WAREHOUSESDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• There are a number of resellers of standard data
  sets.
• Added value
• e-Commerce
• Accessible and readily available

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DATA WAREHOUSESDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• First Base Solutions
• Teranet
• DMTI Spatial
• Orbimage
• Terraserver

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FACTORS IN CHOOSING A PROVIDERDATA SOURCES OF GIS

• Working scale accuracy requirements.
• Appropriate content/detail
• Geographic Area of coverage
• Does the study area bound more than one
  municipality with potential for multiple data
  standards
• Is there a single appropriate source?
• Cost and value
• Availability
• Potential for added value customisation