OCCUPATIONAL STRESS

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OCCUPATIONAL STRESS
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STRESS IS A PERSONS PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL
RESPONSE TO CHANGE.
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CLASSIFICATION OF STRESS

• POSITIVE STRESS
• NEGATIVE STRESS
• ACUTE STRESS
• CHRONIC STRESS

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WHAT CAUSES STRESS ?

• LIFE EVENTS SUCH AS DIVORCE OR SEPARATION, DEATH
  OF A LOVED ONE, THE BIRTH OF A CHILD, MOVING, A
  MAJOR FINANCIAL SETBACK, EMPLOYMENT CHANGES OR
  BECOMING THE VICTIM OF A CRIME OR NATURAL
  DISASTER
• DAILY EVENTS SUCH AS TRAFFIC CONGESTION, LONG
  COMMUTES, WORKING OVERTIME, DEADLINES, PERSONAL
  CONFLICTS, CAR TROUBLE, JOB STRESS, AND JUGGLING
  HOUSEHOLD CHORES AND CHILDCARE
• ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS SUCH AS POLLUTION,
  WEATHER EXTREMES OR EXCESSIVE NOISE
• PHYSICAL STRESSORS SUCH AS PHYSICAL INJURY,
  CHRONIC PAIN, TIRING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (SUCH AS
  TRAVELING), AND UNSATISFIED PHYSICAL NEEDS SUCH
  AS HUNGER, THIRST OR LACK OF SLEEP
  
  
• 
  Continued.

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1. DEATH OF A SPOUSE 2. DIVORCE 3. MARITAL
SEPARATION 4. IMPRISONMENT 5. DEATH OF A
CLOSE RELATIVE 6. PERSONAL INJURY OR ILLNESS
7. MARRIAGE 8. FIRED FROM A JOB 9. MARITAL
RECONCILIATION 10. RETIREMENT 11. ILLNESS OF A
RELATIVE 12. PREGNANCY 13. SEXUAL PROBLEMS 14.
BIRTH OR ADOPTION 15. BUSINESS READJUSTMENT

Continued

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16. Change in financial status 17. Death of a
close friend 18. Change to different work 19.
Increased arguments with spouse 20. Mortgage or
loan for major purchase 21. Foreclosure on
mortgage or loan 22. Change in job
responsibilities 23. Child leaving home 24.
Problems with in-laws 25. Outstanding personal
achievement 26. Spouse begins or stops work 27.
Begin or end school 28. Change in living
conditions 29. Changing personal habits 30.
Problems with your boss
Continued

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31. CHANGE IN WORK 32. HOURS/CONDITIONS 33.
CHANGE IN RESIDENCE OR SCHOOL
RECREATION 34. CHURCH OR SOCIAL ACTIVITIES 35.
MORTGAGE OR LOAN 36. CHANGE IN SLEEPING
HABITS 37. CHANGE IN FAMILY GATHERINGS 38. CHANGE
IN EATING HABITS 39. VACATION 40. ANY
FESTIVALS 41. MINOR LAW VIOLATION

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PREDISPOSING FACTORS FOR STRESS

• GENETIC FACTORS
• INABILITY TO ADAPT
• INADEQUATE RELAXATION RESPONSE
• RESPONSE ACTIVITY VARIATIONS
• AGE
• PERSONALITY
• ISOLATION
• Environment

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SYMPTOMS OF STRESS

• Behavioral symptoms
• Physical symptoms

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BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS

• TOO MUCH SLEEP (HYPERSOMNIA) OR TOO LITTLE SLEEP
  (INSOMNIA)
• NIGHTMARES
• NERVOUS HABITS LIKE NAIL-BITING OR FOOT-TAPPING
• DECREASED SEX DRIVE
• TEETH GRINDING
• IRRITABILITY OR IMPATIENCE
• CRYING OVER MINOR INCIDENTS
• DREADING GOING TO WORK OR OTHER ACTIVITIES

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PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS

• MIGRAINE OR TENSION HEADACHES
• DIGESTIVE PROBLEMS LIKE HEARTBURN OR DIARRHEA
• SHALLOW BREATHING OR SIGHING
• COLD OR SWEATY PALMS
• JAW PAIN, NECK PAIN,SHOULDER PAIN

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EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF STRESS

• 1.    Excessive fatigue
  
• 2.    Gastric disturbance
• 3.    Withdraw from social life
• 4.    Menstrual problems
• 5.    Speech difficulties
• 6.    More impatient
• 7.    Headaches
• 8.    Infertility
• 9.    Ulcers
• 10. Nail biting
• 11. Grinding teeth
• 12. Low blood sugar
• 13. High blood sugar

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EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF STRESS-2

•    14. Need more sleep
• 15. Tired but can't sleep  
• 16. Sudden weight loss
•      17. Sudden weight gain
•      18. Low blood pressure
•      19. High blood pressure
•      20 .Lack of coordination
•      21. Repeated influenza
•      22. Repeated colds
•      23. Muscle aches
•      24. Hair loss
• 25. Chest pain

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EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF STRESS-3

• 1.     Forgetfulness
• 2.     Nervous talking
• 3.     Lower back pain
• 4.     Loss of appetite
• 5.     Increased appetite
• 6.     High cholesterol
• 7. High triglycerides

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Physical signs and symptoms of stress

• Increased heart rate
• Pounding heart
• Elevated blood pressure
• Sweaty palms
• Tightness of the chest, neck, jaw, and back
  muscles
• Headache
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Urinary hesitancy
• Trembling
• Being easily startled
• Chronic pain and
• Dysponea

• Twitching
• Stuttering and other speech difficulties
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Sleep disturbances
• Fatigue
• Shallow breathing
• Dryness of the mouth or throat
• Susceptibility to minor illness
• Cold hands
• Itching

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Emotional signs and symptoms of stress

• Irritability
• Angry outbursts
• Hostility
• Depression
• Jealously
• Restlessness
• Withdrawal
• Decreased perception of positive
• Experience opportunities
• Narrowed focus
• Obsessive rumination
• Reduced self-esteem
• emotional response reflexes
• Weakened positive emotional response reflexes

• Anxiousness
• Diminished initiative
• Feelings of unreality or over-alertness
• Reduction of personal involvement with others
• Lack of interest
• Tendency to cry
• Being critical of others
• Self-deprecation
• Nightmares
• Impatience
• Reduced self-esteem
• Insomnia
• Changes in eating habits

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Cognitive/Perceptual Signs and Symptoms of Stress

• Decreased psychomotor reactivity and coordination
• Attention deficit
• Disorganization of thought
• Negative self-esteem
• Diminished sense of meaning in life
• Lack of control/need for too much control
• Negative self-statements and negative evaluation
  of experience

• Forgetfulness
• Preoccupation
• Blocking
• Blurred vision
• Errors in judging distance
• Diminished or exaggerated fantasy life
• Reduced creativity
• Lack of concentration
• Diminished productivity
• Lack of attention to detail
• Orientation to the past

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Behavioral Signs and Symptoms of Stress

• Increased smoking
• Aggressive behaviors (such as driving - road
  rage, etc.)
• Increased alcohol or drug use
• Carelessness
• Under-eating
• Over-eating

• Nervous laughter
• Compulsive behavior
• Impatience
• Withdrawal
• Listlessness
• Hostility
• Accident-proneness

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Signs of Stress in The Workplace

• Stress Arousal Stage
• Persistent irritability and anxiety
• Bruxism and/or Insomnia
• Occasional forgetfulness and/or inability to
  concentrate

• Stress Resistance Stage
• Absenteeism or tardiness for work
• Tired and fatigued for no reason
• Procrastination and indecision
• Social withdrawal with cynicism
• Resentful, indifferent, defiant
• Increased use of coffee, alcohol, tobacco, etc.

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Severe Exhaustion Stage

• Chronic sadness or depression
• Chronic mental and physical fatigue
• Chronic stress related illnesses (headache,
  stomach ache, bowel problems, etc.)
• Isolation, withdrawal, self-destructive thoughts

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OUR BODYS REACTION TO STRESS (GENERAL ADAPTATION
SYNDROME (GAS))

• ALARM REACTION
• RESISTANCE OR ADAPTATION
• EXHAUSTION

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ALARM REACTION

• MUSCLES TENSE
• HEART BEATS FASTER
• THE BREATHING AND PERSPIRATION INCREASES
• THE EYES DILATE
• THE STOMACH MAY CLENCH

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RESISTANCE OR ADAPTATION

• FATIGUE
• CONCENTRATION LAPSES
• IRRITABILITY AND LETHARGY

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EXHAUSTION

• DECREASED STRESS TOLERANCE
• PROGRESSIVE MENTAL AND PHYSICAL EXHAUSTION
• ILLNESS AND COLLAPSE

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STRESS MANAGEMENT

• BREATHING EXERCISE
• RELAXATION EXERCISE
• MEDITATION EXERCISE
• AND PSHYCOLOGICAL COUNSELLING

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HEALTHY STRATEGIES FOR RELAXATION

• STRETCHING
• TAKING A BATH
• TAKING A WALK
• PETTING AN ANIMAL
• TAKING A BREAK/VACATION
• GETTING A MASSAGE
• JOINING A SUPPORT GROUP
• PRAYING Continued.

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HEALTHY STRATEGIES FOR RELAXATION

• PAINTING, DRAWING, OR PLAYING A MUSICAL
  INSTRUMENT
• ENGAGING IN A HOBBY
• USING POSITIVE SELF-TALK (E.G., I CAN DO THIS)
• READING INSPIRATIONAL OR SPIRITUAL WORDS
• WRITING IN A JOURNAL OR DIARY
• CONFIDING IN, OR VENTING TO, A FRIEND
• LISTENING TO RELAXING MUSIC OR AN INSPIRATIONAL
  TAPE
• LISTENING TO RELAXATION TAPES (AVAILABLE FROM A
  COUNSELOR OR BOOKSTORE) ON WHICH A RECORDED VOICE
  GUIDES THE LISTENER IN RELAXING FROM HEAD TO TOE
• WATCHING TELEVISION

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EXAMPLES OF MANAGING STRESS

• CHANGING UNREALISTIC GOALS (E.G., NOT TRYING TO
  BE PERFECT ALL THE TIME)
• CHANGING UNREALISTIC EXPECTATIONS (E.G., NOT
  EXPECTING OTHERS TO BE PERFECT ALL THE TIME)
• RE-PRIORITIZING (E.G., MAKING TIME TO TAKE CARE
  OF YOURSELF)
• DELEGATING A TASK/CHORE TO SOMEONE ELSE (E.G.,
  NOT TRYING TO DO EVERYTHING ALONE)
• 
  Continued.

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EXAMPLES OF MANAGING STRESS

• FORGIVING SOMEONE (E.G., LETTING GO OF AN OLD
  GRUDGE)
• PLANNING AHEAD (E.G., BEING PREPARED FOR THE
  LITTLE SURPRISES THAT OFTEN ARISE)
• VIEWING A STRESSOR AS CHALLENGING INSTEAD OF
  TERRIBLE, AWFUL, OR CATASTROPHIC
• BECOMING MORE ASSERTIVE (E.G., SPEAKING UP AND
  LEARNING TO SAY NO)
• RESOLVING CONFLICTS THROUGH SHARING AND
  LISTENING, RATHER THAN ALLOWING CONFLICTS TO
  FESTER Continued.

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EXAMPLES OF MANAGING STRESS

• GETTING MORE SUPPORT (E.G., ASKING FOR HELP
  INSTEAD OF TRYING TO TOUGH IT OUT ALONE)
• AVOIDING QUARRELSOME PEOPLE AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE
  (E.G., NOT SEEKING OUT TROUBLE)
• BRINGING MORE HUMOR INTO YOUR DAILY ROUTINE
• TAKING A VACATION, BECAUSE STUDIES SUGGEST THAT
  NOT DOING SO MAY INCREASE THE RISK OF HEART
  DISEASE AND EARLY DEATH

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TWO TYPES OF OPTION FOR CONTROLING STRESS

• CHANGING THE SITUATION
• OR
• LEARNING TO ACCEPT IT WITHOUT FEELING STRESS

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THE FAMOUS SERENITY PRAYER Grant me the
serenity to accept the things I cannot change,
the courage to change the things I can, and the
wisdom to know the difference.
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SUMMARY

• GETTING ENOUGH SLEEP
• EXERCISING REGULARLY
• TO EAT A BALANCED DIET