Radiation Standards Organizations

1
(No Transcript)
2
?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? 16 ?? 18 ???
?? ???? ?? ???? 20???? ????? 1 ???? ????? 6 ???? ?????
3
(No Transcript)
4
Radiation Standards Organizations
5
(NCRP)

• National Council on Radiation Protection and
  Measurements
• www.ncrponline.org
• The NCRP is a national consensus standards
  organization that is comprised of the top
  scientists across the United States who meet and
  develop recommendations that should be practiced
  by those who use radiation.
• The NCRP Web site states its objectives as the
  following
• to collect, analyze, develop and disseminate in
  the public interest information and
  recommendations about (a) protection against
  radiation (referred to herein as radiation
  protection) and (b) radiation measurements,
  quantities and units, particularly those
  concerned with radiation protection
• to provide a means by which organizations
  concerned with the scientific and related aspects
  of radiation protection and of radiation
  quantities, units and measurements may cooperate
  for effective utilization of their combined
  resources, and to stimulate the work of such
  organizations
• to develop basic concepts about radiation
  quantities, units and measurements, about the
  application of these concepts, and about
  radiation protection
• to cooperate with the International Commission on
  Radiological Protection, the Federal Radiation
  Council, the International Commission on
  Radiation Units and Measurements, and other
  national and international organizations,
  governmental and private, concerned with
  radiation quantities, units and measurements and
  with radiation protection.

6
(ICRP)

• International Commission on Radiological
  Protection
• www.icrp.org
• The ICRP is an international consensus standards
  organization that develops recommendations and
  guidance on radiation protection for societal
  benefits. ICRPs radiation protection
  recommendations are often used by organizations
  and regulators to update their operating
  procedures and rules.

7
(IAEA)

• International Atomic Energy Agency - www.iaea.org
• The IAEA, in conjunction with various countries,
  promotes safe, secure, and peaceful nuclear
  technologies. According to the objectives found
  on the IAEA Web site
• The Agency is authorized
• To encourage and assist research on, and
  development and practical application of, atomic
  energy for peaceful uses throughout the world
  and, if requested to do so, to act as an
  intermediary for the purposes of securing the
  performance of services or the supplying of
  materials, equipment, or facilities by one member
  of the Agency for another and to perform any
  operation or service useful in research on, or
  development or practical application of, atomic
  energy for peaceful purposes
• To make provision, in accordance with this
  Statute, for materials, services, equipment, and
  facilities to meet the needs of research on, and
  development and practical application of, atomic
  energy for peaceful purposes, including the
  production of electric power, with due
  consideration for the needs of the
  under-developed areas of the world
• To foster the exchange of scientific and
  technical information on peaceful uses of atomic
  energy
• To encourage the exchange of training of
  scientists and experts in the field of peaceful
  uses of atomic energy
• To establish and administer safeguards designed
  to ensure that special fissionable and other
  materials, services, equipment, facilities, and
  information made available by the Agency or at
  its request or under its supervision or control
  are not used in such a way as to further any
  military purpose and to apply safeguards, at the
  request of the parties, to any bilateral or
  multilateral arrangement, or at the request of a
  State, to any of that States activities in the
  field of atomic energy
• To establish or adopt, in consultation and, where
  appropriate, in collaboration with the competent
  organs of the United Nations and with the
  specialized agencies concerned, standards of
  safety for protection of health and minimization
  of danger to life and property (including such
  standards for labor conditions), and to provide
  for the application of these standards to its own
  operation as well as to the operations making use
  of materials, services, equipment, facilities,
  and information made available by the Agency or
  at its request or under its control or
  supervision and to provide for the application
  of these standards, at the request of the
  parties, to operations under any bilateral or
  multilateral arrangements, or, at the request of
  a State, to any of that States activities in the
  field of atomic energy
• To acquire or establish any facilities, plant and
  equipment useful in carrying out its authorized
  functions, whenever the facilities, plant, and
  equipment otherwise available to it in the area
  concerned are inadequate or available only on
  terms it deems unsatisfactory.

8
(HPA)

• United Kingdom Health Protection Agency -
  www.hpa.org.uk
• The Health Protection Agency's Radiation
  Protection Division (formerly the National
  Radiation Protection Board) conducts research on
  radiation protection and risk, provides training
  courses, acts as consultant and advisor in the
  United Kingdom, and offers laboratory and
  technical services.

9
(CRCPD

• Conference of Radiation Control Program
  Directors) - www.crcpd.org
• CRCPD is a nongovernmental organization composed
  of all state radiation control program directors
  (not just Agreement States as just discussed in
  the OAS section). The purpose of CRCPD, according
  to its Web site is to
• promote radiological health in all aspects and
  phases
• encourage and promote cooperative enforcement
  programs with Federal agencies and between
  related enforcement agencies within each State
• encourage the interchange of experience among
  radiation control programs
• collect and make accessible to the membership of
  the CRCPD such information and data as might be
  of assistance to them in the proper fulfillment
  of their duties
• promote and foster uniformity of radiation
  control laws and regulations
• encourage and support programs that will
  contribute to radiation control for all
• assist the membership in their technical work and
  development and
• exercise leadership with radiation control
  professionals and consumers in radiation control
  development and action.

10
(IRPA)

• International Radiation Protection Association
• www.irpa.net
• IRPA provides the means for specialists in the
  radiation sciences to share radiation-related
  information and scientific discovery. Every
  country can participate in this endeavor that has
  as its objective the protection of humans and
  their environment. According to its Web
  site, IRPA strives to
• encourage the establishment of radiation-protectio
  n societies throughout the world as a means of
  achieving international cooperation
• provide for and support international meetings
  for the discussions of all aspects of radiation
  protection
• encourage international publications dedicated to
  radiation protection
• encourage research and educational opportunities
  in those scientific and related disciplines which
  support radiation protection
• encourage the establishment and continuous review
  of universally acceptable radiation-protection
  standards or recommendations through the
  international bodies concerned.

11
(ANSI)

• American National Standards Institute -
  www.ansi.org
• A United States-based agency, ANSI assists in the
  development and use of standards across a variety
  of applications. One of those applications is
  radiation sciences, for which ANSI has developed
  recommended standards of practice. The primary
  objective of ANSI is to offer these standards as
  a means of providing consistent and quality
  practices throughout U.S. business.

12
(ICRU)

• International Commission on Radiation Units and
  Measurements
• www.icru.org
• The objective of the International Commission on
  Radiation Units and Measurements is the
  development of internationally acceptable
  recommendations regarding (1) quantities and
  units of radiation and radioactivity (2)
  procedures suitable for the measurement and
  application of these quantities in diagnostic
  radiology, radiation therapy, radiation biology,
  and industrial operations and (3) physical data
  needed in the application of these procedures,
  the use of which tends to assure uniformity in
  reporting.

13
(UNSCEAR)

• United Nations Scientific Committee on the
  Effects of Atomic Radiation - www.unscear.org
• According to the UNSCEAR Web site, UNSCEAR is the
  official international authority on the levels
  and effects of ionizing radiation, used for
  peaceful as well as military purposes and derived
  from natural as well as man-made sources. The
  Committee systematically reviews and evaluates
  levels and trends of medical exposure and
  exposure of the public and workers.
• UNSCEAR's more recent work involves reviews of
  information on the risks from exposure to radon,
  epidemiological studies of radiation and its
  cancer and noncancer effects, radiation effects
  on the immune system, and cellular responses to
  radiation exposure. Reviews are also performed on
  medical, public and occupational exposures,
  radiation exposures from accidents, health
  effects of the Chernobyl accident, and radiation
  effects on nonhuman biota.

14
(NAS)

• National Academies of Science -
  www.nationalacademies.org
• The National Academies bring together experts
  from all areas of science and technology. These
  experts voluntarily work with NAS committees and
  groups to address critical national issues and
  offer guidance to the federal government and the
  public. The Academies consist of four
  organizations the National Academy of Sciences,
  the National Academy of Engineering, the
  Institute of Medicine and the National Research
  Council.