Material Challenges for Biomedical Applications: An Example

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Material Challenges for Biomedical Applications
An Example

• Peter Ping Liu, Ph D, PE, CQE, OCP and CSIT
• Professor and Coordinator of Graduate Programs
• School of Technology
• Eastern Illinois University
• Charleston, IL 61920
• USA

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An Example Human Knee
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Normal KneeWith Healthy Articular Cartilage
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Diseased Knee
worn cartilage
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Common Problems (Arthritis)

• Osteoarthritis (OA)
• Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
• Post-traumatic Arthritis

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Consequences

• Pain
• Stiff joint
• Immobility

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Total joint replacement normally is the last
treatment option if everything else fails.
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Typical Total Knee Replacement
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Total Hip Joint Replacement
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Shoulder Replacement
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Elbow Replacement
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Challenges Possible Complications of Surgery

• Problems with anesthesia
• Cardiovascular problems including heart attack
• Vascular problems including thrombus
• Bronchopulmonary problems including emboli
• Genitourinary problems
• Gastrointestinal problems.

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Challenges Joint Replacement Surgery

• Bleeding problems
• Blood clots in the legs and/or lungs
• Wound healing problems
• Damage to nerves and blood vessels
• Limb length discrepancy
• Bone erosion or abnormal bone formation
• Dislocation
• Infection
• Pain
• Bone fracture or non-union
• Component loosening

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Challenges Patients

• Physical therapy
• Moderate exercise
• Care of the joints

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Materials Challenges Mechanical Properties

• Support the load.
• No significant facture or fatigue.

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Materials Challenges Tribological Properties

• Low friction
• Minimum wear
• Small particle generation.

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Materials Challenges Chemical Properties

• Chemically inert in the body
• Compatible with tissue
• No adversary reaction/interaction

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Typical Product Development(Laboratory)

• Biomechanical analysis
• Mechanical design and testing
• Environmental studySaline, bovine serum and
  others

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Typical Product Development

• Animal trial
• FDA compliance and approval
• Clinical trial
• Good manufacturing practice (quality assurance)
• FDA compliance and approval