L.O:

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3.1.6 Immunology Review

• L.O
• To recall the second and third lines of defence

Oh! Whats occurring?
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Defense Mechanisms
Non-specific Response is immediate and the same
for all pathogens
Specific Response is slower and specific to each
pathogen
Physical Barrier (skin, acid in stomach)
Cell-mediated Response (T lymphocytes)
Humoral Response (B lymphocytes)
Phagocytosis
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Specific Response Cell-mediated
When phagocytes engulf and break down the
pathogen...
They present the antigens on their cell membrane
The antigen fit exactly into receptors on certain
T helper cells, which activates other T cells.
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Specific Response Cell-mediated
These activated T cells begin rapidly dividing by
mitosis, creating clones
Some of the cloned T-Cells develop into memory
cells for a faster response if infected by the
same pathogen in future.
Others become cytotoxic killer T-cells, stimulate
phagocytes to engulf pathogens or stimulate B
cells to divide.
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Specific Response Cell-mediated
Perforin a protein that knocks holes in the
cell membrane
Killer T-cell
Infected body cell (antigen-presenting)
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The pathogens end up in a vesicle called
a____________. Other organelles called
___________ release digestive enzymes into it.
Invading pathogens are engulfed by _____________
in a process called _______________.
The ___________ are displayed on the cell
surface. The __________ has become an
________________.
Certain T helper cells that have a specific
receptor for the ____________ cause other T-cells
to become activated.

• The cloned T cells
• develop into _________
• stimulate phagocytes
• stimulate ____________
• or become __________ which kill infected body
  cells

The activated T-cells divide rapidly by _________
and create ___________.
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Specific Response Humoral
T-helper cells (already activated) attach to the
antigens and activate the B-cells
B-cells process and present antigens from
invading pathogens
The activated B-cells divide by mitosis. They
also specialise into memory cells and plasma
cells
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Specific Response Humoral

• Plasma cells produce antibodies
• Specific proteins that kill pathogens
• Primary immune response

Neutralisation neutralise toxins or stop
pathogens from entering cells
Agglutination stick the pathogens together
easier for phagocytes to round them up!
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Specific Response Humoral

• Memory cells
• Can live for decades! Much longer than plasma
  cells
• If they encounter the same pathogen divide and
  become plasma cells
• Secondary immune response (very fast)

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Specific Response Humoral
Explain this graph
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B or T? or Both?

• Made in the thymus
• Hold up your B or True card or both!

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T-Cells

• Made in the thymus

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B or T? or Both?

• Divide by mitosis
• Hold up your B or True card or both!

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Both!

• Divide by mitosis

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B or T? or Both?

• Part of humoral immunity
• Hold up your B or True card or both!

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B-Cells

• Part of humoral immunity

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B or T? or Both?

• Made in the bone marrow
• Hold up your B or True card or both!

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B-Cells

• Made in the bone marrow

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B or T? or Both?

• Respond to antigen-presenting phagocytes
• Hold up your B or True card or both!

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T-Cells

• Respond to antigen-presenting phagocytes

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B or T? or Both?

• Part of cell-mediated immunity
• Hold up your B or True card or both!

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T-Cells

• Part of cell-mediated immunity

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B or T? or Both?

• Secrete antibodies
• Hold up your B or True card or both!

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B-Cells

• Secrete antibodies
• Hold up your B or True card or both!

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Specification 3.1.1 and 3.1.6 Disease and
Immunology
I can explain where pathogens are likely to penetrate the bodys defences and how they cause disease I can describe key lifestyle risk factors associated with cancer and CHD I understand that changes in lifestyle can lead to a reduced risk of developing these diseases. I can distinguish between correlations and causal relationships
I can describe the process of phagocytosis I know how antibodies interact with antigens as part of the immune response I can explain the differences between the humoral and cellular immune response I can explain what a vaccine is and how it protects individuals and populations against disease
I understand the effects of antigenic variability in pathogens on immunity I can describe how monoclonal antibodies enable specific targeting of substances and cells I can discuss ethical issues associated with the use of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies
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Learning Wall
I can explain where pathogens are likely to penetrate the bodys defences and how they cause disease I can describe key lifestyle risk factors associated with cancer and CHD I understand that changes in lifestyle can lead to a reduced risk of developing these diseases. I can distinguish between correlations and causal relationships
I can describe the process of phagocytosis I know how antibodies interact with antigens as part of the immune response I can explain the differences between the humoral and cellular immune response I can explain what a vaccine is and how it protects individuals and populations against disease
I understand the effects of antigenic variability in pathogens on immunity I can describe how monoclonal antibodies enable specific targeting of substances and cells I can discuss ethical issues associated with the use of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies
Highlight each square you CAN do
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• http//highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/s
  tudent_view0/chapter22/animation__the_immune_respo
  nse.html
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vSckgGlefJo0

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Bingo!

• Draw a 3 x 3 grid and choose 9 of the
• words below
• Pathogen, phagocyte, lysosome, phagolysosome,
  humoral, cell-mediated, T-helper cells, B-plasma
  cells, mitosis, B-memory cells, antibodies,
  antigen, vaccination,