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Information Systems In Hospitals

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Title: Information Systems In Hospitals


1
Information SystemsIn Hospitals
2
  • What does System mean?
  • A system is a group of interrelated components
    working together toward a common goal by
    accepting inputs and producing outputs in an
    organized transformation process.

3
  • An information system
  • Is a collection of people, procedures, software,
    hardware, and data .They all work together to
    provide information essential to running an
    organization.
  • (as we discussed in chapter 1).
  • An information system, that combines a
    computer-based patient record with other modules
    that support clinical workflow is called a
    hospital information system (HIS).

4
Software
Hardware
Control
Procedure
Input
Output
People
Data
Memory
5
  • A Hospital Information System (HIS)
  • -Is a comprehensive, integrated information
    system designed to meet all the information needs
    within a hospital.
  • -It can be composed of one or a few software
    components with specialty-specific extensions as
    well as of a large variety of sub-systems in
    medical specialties.

6
  • Applications
  • A hospital information system has many different
    aspects incorporated within itself.
  • Technology allows for the information within
    these systems to flow more easily and more
    accurately.
  • Some of these systems include1- Laboratory
    Information System (LIS)2- Nursing Information
    System (NIS)3-Picture Archiving Communication
    System (PACS)4-Radiology Information System
    (RIS)
  • 5-Pharamacy Information System (PIS)
  • 6-Adminstration Information System.
  • 7-Financial Information System (FIS)

7
  • Common Features-
  • Patient Registration and scheduling.
  • Patient List Management .
  • Interface with different modalities.
  • Department workflow management.
  • Requesting.
  • Result(s) Entry.
  • Reporting and printout.
  • Patient Tracking .
  • Modality and Material management.
  • Information storage and backup.

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  • Advantages of HIS include
  • 1-Improved quality of patient care.
  • 2-Improved communications within the hospital.
  • 3-Increased productivity.
  • 4-Reduced chances of errors.
  • 5-Reduced costs.

10
  • -Medical record, health record, or medical chart
  • -Is a systematic documentation of a patient's
    medical history and care.
  • -Traditionally, medical records have been written
    on paper and kept in folders.
  • -An electronic health record (EHR) refers to an
    individual patient's medical record in digital
    format.

11
  • -Medical record, health record, or medical chart
  • -Electronic health record systems co-ordinate the
    storage and retrieval of individual records with
    the aid of computers.
  • -EHRs are usually accessed on a computer, often
    over a network.
  • -It may be made up of electronic medical records
    (EMRs) from many locations and/or sources.
  • -Among the many forms of data often included in
    EMRs are patient demographics, medical history,
    laboratory test results, radiology images,
    billing records and advanced directives.

12
  • Advantages of EHRs over paper-based records
  • ? Complete patient data displayed in an
    integrated fashion that facilitates medical
    decision making.
  • ? Access from any workstation in the hospital.
  • ? Ability to enter orders, notes, data at same
    workstation.
  • ? No double entry of information.
  • ? Immediate availability of results.
  • ? Simultaneous users can access same medical
    record.
  • ? Access from on site or remote locations.
  • ? No loss of patient information.

13
  • Nursing Information System
  • -Information system that supports the use and
    documentation of nursing processes and provides
    tools for managing the delivery of nursing care.
  • -It collects, stores, processes, retrieves,
    display, and communicate timely information
    needed in nursing practice, education,
    administration, and research.

14
  • Patient Charting
  • A patients vital signs, admission and nursing
    assessments, care plan and nursing notes can be
    entered into the system either as structured or
    free text. These are the stored in a central
    repository and retrieved when needed.
  • Clinical Data Integration
  • Here clinical information from all the
    disciplines can be retrieved, viewed and analyzed
    by nursing staff and then integrated into a
    patients care plan.
  • Decision Support
  • They provide prompts and reminders, along with
    guides to disease linkages between
    signs/symptoms, etiologies/related factors and
    patient populations.
  • Staff Schedules
  • Nurse can self schedule their shifts using
    scheduling rules provided in shift modules.

15
  • Radiology Information System (RIS)
  • -The RIS is a computerized system used by
    radiology departments to store, manipulate and
    distribute patient radiological data and imagery.
  • -A modern Radiology Information System (RIS) is a
    pre-requisite for the efficient management of a
    department of Radiology.

16
  • -The system generally consists of patient
    tracking and scheduling, result reporting and
    image tracking capabilities.
  • -Used to support both administrative and clinical
    operations.
  • -RIS complements HIS (Hospital Information
    Systems) and are critical to efficient workflow
    to radiology practices.

17
  • Simple Workflow within RIS
  • -A clinician orders a radiographic exam using the
    Hospital Information System (HIS).
  • -Within minutes, the order subsequently appears
    at the modality in a
  • list of patients requiring radiographs that day.
  • -The radiology technicians select the appropriate
    patient from the list and conducts the study.
  • -Once the images are generated, they are sent to
    a central local server and the exam is
    automatically completed and charged in the HIS.

18
  • -By simply clicking the view images button
    under the images tab in the HIS the images appear
    in an easy to use browser- based medical image
    viewer, or on a Digital Imaging and
    Communications in Medicine (DICOM) workstation
    program on the local computer.
  • -In addition, the images and reports are
    accessible from anywhere inside the local area
    network (LAN) and also potentially available
    outside the clinic network via the world wide web.

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  • DICOM Images
  • -DICOM stands for Digital Imaging and
    Communications in Medicine.
  • -Its a standard protocol for the transferring,
    displaying, and storing of medical images data.
  • -Most modern imaging machines are capable of
    producing DICOM images.

21
  • DICOM Viewer
  • -Is a specialized application software enables
    you to open, process, and interpret DICOM images.
  • -There are a lot of DICOM Viewer applications
    available.
  • -MicroDicom (Free).
  • -RadiAnt.

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  • The Basic requirements of a DICOM workstation are
    as
  • follows
  • -The ability to query and send image ?les to
    multiple DICOM devices, including other
    workstations
  • -The capability to manipulate images
    (window/level, magni?cation, measurements,
    annotation, stack scroll, Invert, rotate, etc.)
  • -A HIS/Radiology Information System (RIS)
    interface to link reports to the images
  • -The ability to import/export other image types,
    such as jpeg, and convert them to DICOM
  • -The functionality to allow dual monitor viewing
  • -The ability to print DICOM images.

24
  • Picture Archiving and Communication System PACS
  • What is PACS?
  • -PACS refers to the host of technologies that
    contribute
  • to the creation, distribution, and archiving of
    digital images.
  • -Data workflow within PACS

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  • -Typical PACS components include
  • 1- A digital imaging modality or device
  • 2- A network.
  • 3-An archive device.
  • 4-diagnostic workstations.
  • 5-Archive/routing software, and
  • 6-Some interplay with the hospital or radiology
    information system.

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  • Potential Bene?ts of PACS
  • Increased connectivity and integration between
    facilities and departments.
  • Productivity improvements (less time spent
    looking for misplaced radiographs or ultrasound
    images, less time spent hanging/removing ?lms,
    less time distributing ?lms).
  • Simultaneous viewing of the same images in
    multiple locations.
  • Better image quality than analog ?lm or thermal
    prints.
  • Provides an avenue for rapid consultation with
    specialists.

29
  • Laboratory Information system LIS
  • A lab information system ("LIS") is a class of
    software that receives, processes, and stores
    information generated by medical laboratory
    processes.
  • -These systems often must interface with
    instruments and other information systems such as
    hospital information systems (HIS).
  • -Disciplines of laboratory science supported by
    LIS' include hematology, chemistry, immunology,
    blood bank (Donor and Transfusion Management),
    surgical pathology, anatomical pathology, flow
    cytometry and microbiology.

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  • In summery, the Uses of computer in the hospital
    can be categorized into
  • 1- Handling and processing Medical Data.
  • 2- Decision support.
  • 3-Medical education.
  • 4-Medical searches.
  • 5- Monitoring.
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