The Social Impact of Information and Communication Technology

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The Social Impact of Information and
Communication Technology

• www.ICT-Teacher.com

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• Explain the benefits and drawbacks of the use of
  information and communication technology in
• manufacturing,
• industry,
• commerce,
• medicine,
• the home,
• education
• tele-working.

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Computers and Employment

• Has machinery displaced workers?
• Steam engine turbines Industrial revolution.
• Factory workers and robotics.
• Have computers replaced workers?
• Have more jobs have been created by the new
  technology (computerisation)?
• What has happened to clerical workers over the
  last 20 years?
• How has their skills been lost/changed?

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The Changing Nature of Employment

• What has happened to the Farm and Factory
  workers?
• What is the Service industries?
• How does computers assist employment in the
  Service industry?
• Consider banking, travel, supermarket etc.
• Has computerisation given greater job
  satisfaction?
• Consider engineering, architecture, accounting
  etc.

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Changing Locations of Work

• Where did the population move from/to during the
  Industrial revolution?
• With Communications technology is this being
  reversed?
• Where does data processing need to be done, in
  the office or at the end of a phone line?
• Consider British Airways and other companies
  using call centres, where are these centres?

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Tele-working

• What is Tele-working?
• What are the benefits of Tele-working?
• Consider environment, commuting, working hours,
  commitments, space saving, team-working in a
  network.
• What are the problems with Tele-working?
• Consider management, organisational loyalty,
  social isolation, separation of work with leisure
  time.
• Would you do any form of Tele-working?
• Consider doing school-work at home and e-mailing
  it to your teacher.

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The Other Side

• What happens to older workers who may find it
  difficult to re-train to adapt to the new
  technology?
• What happens to people that do not have access to
  the new technology?
• What about people who try to ignore the new
  technology?
• What can happen when people rely on technology?
• Consider back up systems for breakdown, fault
  handling, natural accidents, malicious damage.

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New Products and Services

• Will you need to understand and use Information
  Technology?
• What are some of the new ICT products available
  now?
• Consider CD Rom, DVD, mobile phones, barcode
  scanning, Internet shopping.

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Using ICT to Run a Small Business

• What could the following software packages be
  useful for?
• Spreadsheet
• Graphics
• Word Processing
• Desktop publishing
• Database
• Accounts
• E-mail
• Internet browser

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IT in Banking

• How is IT used in Banking?
• Consider telephone banking, Internet banking,
  ATMs, Debit cards, Credit cards, MICR (Magnetic
  Ink Character Recognition) e.g. cheque
  processing, Direct debiting, etc.
• How is IT used with a Store Card?

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Internet Shopping

• Web sites used for advertising have been
  developed into a virtual store. What is a
  virtual store?
• How can a virtual store help a business?
• What is another useful by-product that a web site
  can collect?
• Consider a database of potential customers.
• What could a business do with this information?

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Supermarkets

• Offer on-line shopping for customers unable to
  get to the shop.
• What are the advantages for the shop?
• What are the advantages for the customer?

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Internet Shopping
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Manufacturing

• How are computers used in manufacturing?
• Consider order processing, stock reports and
  replacement, progress tracking. Project
  management budgets, on-time.
• What is CAD (Computer aided Design)?
• What is CAM (Computer aided Manufacture)?

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CAD

• What are some examples of CAD?
• How can a computer image help with design?
• How can an animation software package assist with
  design?
• How does CAD enhance sales and marketing?
• What is the difference between Vector based
  graphics and Bit-mapped graphics?

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CAM

• What are some examples CAM is used for?
• How is this system of creating products very
  flexible/individual?
• Robots are controlled by computers what are the
  basic components?
• Consider a sensor, a microprocessor, an
  actuator.
• Give some examples of where robotics are used?
• Why are robots so useful?
• Consider repetition, strength, quality, costs,
  hazardous environment.

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Medicine

• Give some example where computers are used in the
  Health service?
• Consider records, databases, computerised
  medical devices, monitoring, expert systems
  (diagnosis), surgery.
• What is an expert (knowledge-based) system?
• Consider image capture and processing.
• What is robotic surgery?
• Consider operations.
• How important are computers for the disabled?
• Consider blind, deaf, special devices, implants.

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Education

• Why are there so many computers in schools?
• How do computers assist with teaching and
  learning?
• What is an interactive teaching package?
• How should the Internet be used to assist
  learning?
• How can computers help with distance learning?

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Can Computers Replace Teachers

• What can computers do that is better than having
  a teacher?
• Consider pace, repetition, patience,
  consistency, cost effective.
• What can a teacher do that is better than a
  computer?
• What could the classroom of the future look like?
• will it exist,
• will students need to attend school,
• could they choose what subject to do and when,
• will they be motivated to take charge of their
  own learning?

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Dependence on IT

• How are individuals dependant on IT?
• Routine chores money, shopping, holiday,
• Scanners and imaging systems,
• Traffic control, and car parking, motorway,
• Flood warning systems,
• Computer controlled braking, fuel, on cars,
• Personal use, data, accounts, education,
• Electrical devices in the home, washing machines,
  video DVD players, microwaves, etc,
• Telephone lines for Internet communications.

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• How are organisations dependant on IT?
• Consider the type of organisation
• Supermarkets,
• Hospitals,
• The emergency services,
• The utility companies,
• Schools,
• Air traffic control,
• Nuclear power stations.
• What would be the consequences of failure on the
  organisations above?

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Multimedia

• What is meant by multimedia?
• What are necessary to run multimedia software?
• How can multimedia assist learning?
• What is Authoring software?
• What help are Internet based services in finding
  your preferred university degree course?