Key Issues for South Africa

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Key Issues for South Africa

• Post 2010 Strategic Plan, Targets and financial
  mechanism
• Programmes of work for implementation
• International Regime on Access and
  Benefit-sharing (Draft Protocol)
• Intergovernmental Science-PolicyPlatform for
  Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
• Conference of the Parties serving as a Meeting of
  the Parties (COP/MOP5) of the Cartagena Protocol
  on Biosafety Supplementary Protocol on
  Liability Redress

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Context
Economics
Social
Shared Concerns
Policy Legal Responses
Biodiversity Conservation
Livelihoods
Influence
Ecological
Threats
International Agreements
Poverty inequity
Trade
Knowledge
Development
Landscape Ecosystem Species Genetic
Sovereignty
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Background

• CBD is one of the three Conventions from 1992
  Rio Summit on Environment Development
• CBDs objectives are conservation, sustainable
  use, and fair equitable sharing of benefits
• South Africa is the 3rd most mega-diverse country
  in the world.
• Biodiversity underpins ecosystem functioning
  provision of ecosystem services for human
  well-being (food, health, clean air, livelihoods,
  poverty reduction and attainment of MDGs).
• Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
• safe transfer, handling and use of living
  modified organisms (LMOs)
• mitigation of adverse effects on the conservation
  sustainable use of biodiversity, taking into
  account human health.

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Strategic Importance to South Africa

• South Africa is the 3rd most mega-diverse country
  in the world.
• This is largely due to its species diversity and
  the endemism of its vegetation.
• Sustainable utilisation of natural
  resources-Consumptive and non-consumptive use.
• Thus, South Africas participation in the
  deliberations at the Conference of Parties is
  invaluable.

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Global Context

• 2010 target of halting biodiversity loss not been
  met globally.
• Scientific consensus project continuing
  extinctions and loss of habitats and ecosystem
  goods and services throughout this century.
• Drastic consequences to human societies
  especially the poor as numerous thresholds or
  tipping points are crossed.
• Biodiversity is inseparable from poverty, health,
  livelihoods, food security, and climate change.
• Global Obstacles limited financial, human and
  technical resources fragmented decision making
  lack of access to scientific information and
  lack of economic valuation of biodiversity.
• Urgent action needed to reverse current trends
• South Africa doing relatively well in
  implementing the broad CBD objectives

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• The Red List Index (RLI) for all these species
  groups is decreasing.
• Coral species are moving most rapidly towards
  greater extinction risk
• Amphibians are, on average, the group most
  threatened.

Source IUCN
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but large areas still under-represented
Source UNEP-WCMC
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Post 2010 Strategic PlanVision Mission

• Shared Vision, Mission, Goals Targets,
  Framework for regional national targets,
• Enhance coherence in the implementation of CBD
  decisions, Programmes of work Global Strategy
  for Plant conservation
• Vision-Living in Harmony with Nature where By
  2050 biodiversity (our natural capital) is
  valued, conserved, restored and wisely used ,
  sustaining a healthy planet and delivering
  benefits essential for all people .
• Mission
• Take effective and urgent action to halt
  biodiversity loss
• Contribution to human well-being and poverty
  eradication
• Securing planets variety of life
• Reduction of pressures on biodiversity
• Avoiding tipping points
• Sustainable use of biological resources
• Restoration of ecosystems and services they
  provide
• Sharing of the benefits of biodiversity equitably
  
• Mainstreaming biodiversity issues

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Post 2010 Strategic Plan Goals

• Address underlying causes by mainstreaming
• (awareness, integration into strategies
  planning processes, incentives, sustainable
  production consumption)
• Reduce direct pressures promote sustainable use
  
• (degradation, pollution, AIS, fragmentation of
  habitats, coral reefs, impact on vulnerable
  ecosystems and overexploitation addressed)
• Safeguard ecosystems, species and genetic
  diversity
• (conserve terrestrial, marine, coastal aquatic
  ecosystems through protected areas, extinction
  and agro-biodiversity)
• Enhance benefits
• (livelihoods and wellbeing, restoration, fair
  access)
• Implementation- participatory planning, knowledge
  and capacity building
• (Update NBSAP, TK, science base for status and
  trends capacity)

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Post 2010 Strategic Plan Goals

• Implementation, Review, Monitoring Evaluation
• NBSAPs,
• Programmes of work
• Legislation and national policies,
• Partnership- ownership and mainstreaming, private
  sector, civil society, research institutions
• National reports- SBSTTA, WIGRI, COPs
• Support mechanisms
• Capacity building- Financial, local communities,
  technical
• Clearing-house mechanism and technology transfer-
  biodiversity knowledge network, database and
  network of practitioners, good practice, tools
  and guidance, effective websites, information
  exchange
• Partnerships and initiatives
• Support mechanisms for research, monitoring
  assessment

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Issues to be discussed at COP10

• COP10 will take place in Nagoya, Japan, from
  18-29 Oct 2010.
• The agenda of the meeting has been developed by
  the CBD Secretariat in accordance with the Rules
  of Procedure.
• COP10 will consider the following among other
  issues
• The International Regime on ABS and its adoption
• Post 2010 Strategic Plan,
• Multiyear programme of work-progress reviews
  monitoring, efficiency
• Communication, education public awareness and
  IYB
• Cooperation MEAs, South-South, Cities and
  Biodiversity
• Issues for in-depth Consideration
• Mountain biodiversity- assessment, TK, Use,
  land-use, impact management, rehab, connectivity,
  cooperation
• Inland waters biodiversity- MDGs, Wetlands, IWRM,
  rehabilitation, connectivity, Agric, urban
  authorities, reduction of vulnerability,
• Marine coastal biodiversity- assessments,
  climate change, Ocean fertilisation,
  Acidification, unsustainable human activities,
  marine and coastal protected areas, unsustainable
  fishing, research

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Issues to be discussed at COP10

• Protected areas- Ecological networks, Ramsar
  Convention on Wetlands, Management effectiveness,
  Marine and Inland water protected areas,
  Management of alien Invasive,
• Biodiversity climate change-Role of
  biodiversity Ecosystems
• Sustainable use
• Agricultural biodiversity
• Biodiversity of dry and sub-humid lands
• Forest biodiversity
• Biofuels and biodiversity- precautionary approach
  biotechnology science
• Invasive alien species- control, monitoring
  assessment.
• Global Taxonomy Initiative- Classification,
  distribution mapping

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The international regime on access and benefit
sharing under the Convention on Biological
Diversity
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PURPOSE OF DRAFT PROTOCOL (IR-ABS)

• To give effect to 3rd objective and ABS
  provisions of the CBD
• To promote and safeguard the fair and equitable
  sharing of benefits arising from the utilization
  of genetic resources (GR) and associated
  traditional knowledge (TK)
• Core issues under discussion pertain to
• Nature Objective Scope Access, Technology
  transfer Disclosure requirements, Compliance,
  Transboundary cooperation Traditional knowledge,
  and Capacity building/development
• South Africa is in favour of a legally-binding
  regime (a Protocol) to give effect to the third
  objective of the CBD.
• This will ensure the fair and equitable sharing
  of benefits arising from the utilization of
  genetic resources and associated traditional
  knowledge.
• Ongoing negotiations towards a possible regime

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Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Services for the conservation and
sustainable use of biodiversity, long-term human
well-being and sustainable development
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Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and
Ecosystem Services

• IPBES establishment agreed in June 2010 under
  the auspices of UNEP.
• IPBES is aimed at strengthening the
  science-policy interface for biodiversity and
  ecosystem at global, regional, sub-regional
  level.
• Enhancing cooperation with relevant UN bodies and
  building capacity to mainstream biodiversity and
  ecosystem services
• It will conduct scientifically credible,
  independent and peer reviewed assessments(science
  for policy decision making)
• It will catalyse efforts to generate new
  knowledge, perform regular and timely assessments
  of knowledge, ID policy-relevant tools and
  methodologies to support policy formulation
  implementation
• The principles of establishing IBPES is shared
  broadly, however some of the outstanding issues
  need to be finalised. This platform as it will
  enhance opportunities for scientifically sound
  and policy-relevant information on biodiversity
  and ecosystem services. It will focus on
  government needs based on priorities established.

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IPBES Principles IUCNs role

• Collaboration with existing initiatives on
  biodiversity and ecosystem services,
• Scientific independence, credibility, relevance
  and legitimacy
• Contribution of indigenous and local knowledge
• Provision of policy-relevant information
• Integration of capacity-building
• Interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach
  incorporating relevant disciplines
• Addressing terrestrial, marine and inland water
  biodiversity and ecosystem services
• Assessments, trends analysis, Information
  generation and dissemination, technological
  sharing, capacity building

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CARTAGENA PROTOCOL ON BIOSAFETY
-SUPPLEMENTARY PROTOCOL ON LIABILITY AND REDRESS
FOR DAMAGE FOR LMOs
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CARTAGENA PROTOCOL ON BIOSAFETY -SUPPLEMENTARY
PROTOCOL ON LIABILITY AND REDRESS FOR DAMAGE FOR
LMOs

• The fifth meeting of the Conference of the
  Parties serving as a Meeting of the Parties
  (COP/MOP5) of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
  taking place in Nagoya, Japan from 11-15 Oct
  2010.
• Objectives of Catagena Protocol on Biosafety
• ensure protection in safe transfer, handling and
  use of LMOs from biotechnology
• those with potential adverse effects on
  conservation and sustainable use
• taking also into account risks to human health,
• specifically focusing on transboundary movements
• COP/MOP5 will deliberate on
• Transboundary movement of GMOs
• Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress
  for Damage from GMOs.
• Provides administrative system response to
  damage/impact on conservation and sustainable use
  of biodiversity resulting from transboundary
  movement of LMOs.
• International rules and procedures for liability
  and redress

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CARTAGENA PROTOCOL ON BIOSAFETY -SUPPLEMENTARY
PROTOCOL ON LIABILITY AND REDRESS FOR DAMAGE FOR
LMOs

• South Africa is Party to the Cartagena Protocol
  on Biosafety- adopted by CBD as supplementary
  agreement
• South Africa- effective and functional biosafety
  system, regulates through GMO Act NEMA
  NEMBA
• 2007 to date- negotiations on Liability and
  Redress regime protracted contentious
• Draft supplementary protocol developed some
  outstanding matters
• Risk assessment management, and Redress

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Context
Economics
Social
Shared Concerns
Policy Legal Responses
Biodiversity Conservation
Livelihoods
Influence
Ecological
Threats
International Agreements
Poverty inequity
Trade
Knowledge
Development
Landscape Ecosystem Species Genetic
Sovereignty
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Thank You!