Title: Income Distribution and Undernutrition
1Income Distribution and Undernutrition
- Text extracted from
- The World Food Problem
- Leathers Foster, 2004
ttp//www.amazon.com/World-Food-Problem-Toward-Und
ernutrition/dp/1588266389
2Poorest of the Poor
- Live in third world
- Mostly landless
- Work for others, menial jobs
- Poorly educated
- Illiterate
- Superstitious
- Squatters who live in huts
- Almost no food
- Fragmented household
- Debt to relatives or lenders
http//archives.zinester.com/60514/143124/232308_s
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3Per capita incomes differ
- Democratic Republic Congo 80/yr
- Switzerland 38,330
- Average person in Switzerland makes 500X more
than in Mozambique. - If compute purchasing power parity, difference
between richest and poorest countries is 80X
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4Purchasing Power Parity
2003
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FilePPP2003.svg
5Global Incomes
6Distribution of World GNP (1989)
7Human Development Index
- Measures quality of life
- High HDI
- High income countries
- Low HDI
- Low income countries
- HDI not perfectly correlated with income
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AAAAAAAO4/jCG1CPQfBb0/s1600-h/HDImap.JPG
8Gini Coefficient
- Gini coefficient
- Based on area of crescent made by Lorenz curve
- measures inequity of wealth
- A/AB
- Gini index Gini coefficient x 100
- Lowest inequity is in Japan
- Gini coefficient .249
- Gini index 24.9
- Richest 20 controls 35 of income
- Highest inequity is in Brazil
- Gini index 60.7
- Richest 20 controls 64 of income
9Global Gini Coefficients
http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thum
b/a/aa/Gini_Coefficient_World_Human_Development_Re
port_2007-2008.png/800px-Gini_Coefficient_World_Hu
man_Development_Report_2007-2008.png
10Kuznets Curve
- As a country develops, rich must get richer first
- Therefore inequity will increase initially
- Later, inequity will drop as prosperity increases
Data from 75 countries
11Wealthy out-compete poor for food
- Can outbid poor for food
- Also purchase more livestock
- Herd becomes more dependent on grain
- Price of grain is bid up
- Harder for the poor to buy grain
12Overall inequity declining slowly
- Global Gini coefficients
- .67 in 1980
- .65 in 1990
- .63 in 2000
- .62 in 2005
(Bob Sutcliff, 2007)
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13Extreme Inequity Increasing
14Child Labor
- 250 million children work worldwide
- 22 of workforce in Asia
- 17 of workforce in Latin America
- 1/3 of children in sub-Saharan Africa
- Jobs
- Agriculture
- Textiles
- Maids and services
- Construction and manufacturing
- Prostitution
- Many sold into debt bondage
- To pay parents debt or as collateral
- Advance on wages
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/june-2007/01_02a.jpg
15U.S. Poor are Wealthy
- Poverty income
- 9,359/yr
- Person at poverty line in U.S.
- has higher income than 80 of people in the
world - 97 poor households in U.S. have color TV
16U.S. Middle Class Decline
http//i.qtau.com/shrinking-middle-class.png
17U.S. Inequity increasing
- Gini coefficients
- 1968 38.6
- 1970 39.4
- 1980 40.3
- 1990 42.2
- 2000 46.2
- 2007 47.0
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oads/us_income_inequal_5_15_2006.jpg
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19Rich in U.S. getting richer
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22Hunger in the U.S.A.
- 36.3 million people live in households that
experience hunger - or the risk of hunger
- Includes 13 million children
- More than one in ten households in the United
States (11.2 percent). - 1/5 of U.S. food ends up in the landfill
- Source Bread for the World Institute (2004)
http//www.endhunger.org/images/u_s_hunger.png
23http//www.bendib.com/newones/2006/november/large/
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