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Income Distribution and Undernutrition

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Title: Income Distribution and Undernutrition Author: Clark F. Ford Last modified by: Ford, Clark F [FSHNA] Created Date: 5/20/2005 1:05:26 AM Document presentation ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Income Distribution and Undernutrition


1
Income Distribution and Undernutrition
  • Text extracted from
  • The World Food Problem
  • Leathers Foster, 2004

ttp//www.amazon.com/World-Food-Problem-Toward-Und
ernutrition/dp/1588266389
2
Poorest of the Poor
  • Live in third world
  • Mostly landless
  • Work for others, menial jobs
  • Poorly educated
  • Illiterate
  • Superstitious
  • Squatters who live in huts
  • Almost no food
  • Fragmented household
  • Debt to relatives or lenders

http//archives.zinester.com/60514/143124/232308_s
lum.JPG
3
Per capita incomes differ
  • Democratic Republic Congo 80/yr
  • Switzerland 38,330
  • Average person in Switzerland makes 500X more
    than in Mozambique.
  • If compute purchasing power parity, difference
    between richest and poorest countries is 80X

http//faculty.washington.edu/wgold/family20on20
crinnenhorn.jpg
http//news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/38542000/jpg/_3
8542715_family300bbc.jpg
4
Purchasing Power Parity
2003
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FilePPP2003.svg
5
Global Incomes
6
Distribution of World GNP (1989)
7
Human Development Index
  • Measures quality of life
  • High HDI
  • High income countries
  • Low HDI
  • Low income countries
  • HDI not perfectly correlated with income

http//bp0.blogger.com/_vxI-ox6Dacw/R0yJQ0c_8YI/AA
AAAAAAAO4/jCG1CPQfBb0/s1600-h/HDImap.JPG
8
Gini Coefficient
  • Gini coefficient
  • Based on area of crescent made by Lorenz curve
  • measures inequity of wealth
  • A/AB
  • Gini index Gini coefficient x 100
  • Lowest inequity is in Japan
  • Gini coefficient .249
  • Gini index 24.9
  • Richest 20 controls 35 of income
  • Highest inequity is in Brazil
  • Gini index 60.7
  • Richest 20 controls 64 of income

9
Global Gini Coefficients
http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thum
b/a/aa/Gini_Coefficient_World_Human_Development_Re
port_2007-2008.png/800px-Gini_Coefficient_World_Hu
man_Development_Report_2007-2008.png
10
Kuznets Curve
  • As a country develops, rich must get richer first
  • Therefore inequity will increase initially
  • Later, inequity will drop as prosperity increases

Data from 75 countries
11
Wealthy out-compete poor for food
  • Can outbid poor for food
  • Also purchase more livestock
  • Herd becomes more dependent on grain
  • Price of grain is bid up
  • Harder for the poor to buy grain

12
Overall inequity declining slowly
  • Global Gini coefficients
  • .67 in 1980
  • .65 in 1990
  • .63 in 2000
  • .62 in 2005

(Bob Sutcliff, 2007)
http//www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/today/gallery/media/po
verty2.jpg
13
Extreme Inequity Increasing
14
Child Labor
  • 250 million children work worldwide
  • 22 of workforce in Asia
  • 17 of workforce in Latin America
  • 1/3 of children in sub-Saharan Africa
  • Jobs
  • Agriculture
  • Textiles
  • Maids and services
  • Construction and manufacturing
  • Prostitution
  • Many sold into debt bondage
  • To pay parents debt or as collateral
  • Advance on wages

http//uzbekistan.neweurasia.net/wp-content/images
/june-2007/01_02a.jpg
15
U.S. Poor are Wealthy
  • Poverty income
  • 9,359/yr
  • Person at poverty line in U.S.
  • has higher income than 80 of people in the
    world
  • 97 poor households in U.S. have color TV

16
U.S. Middle Class Decline
http//i.qtau.com/shrinking-middle-class.png
17
U.S. Inequity increasing
  • Gini coefficients
  • 1968 38.6
  • 1970 39.4
  • 1980 40.3
  • 1990 42.2
  • 2000 46.2
  • 2007 47.0

http//www.visualizingeconomics.com/wp-content/upl
oads/us_income_inequal_5_15_2006.jpg
18
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19
Rich in U.S. getting richer
http//online.wsj.com/public/resources/images/P1-A
L265_COMPAR_20080420183003.gif
20
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21
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22
Hunger in the U.S.A.
  • 36.3 million people live in households that
    experience hunger
  • or the risk of hunger
  • Includes 13 million children
  • More than one in ten households in the United
    States (11.2 percent).
  • 1/5 of U.S. food ends up in the landfill
  • Source Bread for the World Institute (2004)


http//www.endhunger.org/images/u_s_hunger.png
23
http//www.bendib.com/newones/2006/november/large/
End20of20Hunger20in20US.jpg
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