Slave Trade

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Slave Trade

• As demand grew European slave traders set up
  posts along African coast.
• They offered guns and other foods to African
  rulers who brought them slaves.

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Slave Trade

• Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, English, and French
  all sent ships with slaves to America.
• called Middle Passage-slaves were crammed into
  small spaces below deck

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Triangular Trade

• Colonial merchants developed many trade routes.
  One route was known as the triangular trade.
• Colonial merchants sometimes defied the
  Navigation Acts by buying goods from the Dutch,
  French, and Spanish West Indies.

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Classes

• Gentry-wealthy planters, merchants, ministers,
  successful lawyers, royal officials
• Middle Class-farmers, skilled crafts workers,
  some tradespeople
• Lower Class-farmhands, indentured servantspeople
  who signed contracts to work without wages in
  return for their ocean passageand slaves

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Education in Colonies
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Home Learning

• Education began at home
• Boys learn male roles or jobs from their father
• Girls learn female roles from their mother

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Apprenticeships

• Boys might serve as apprentices to learn a trade
  or craft by living with a master and working for
  free in return for training
• This would start at age 10-13 and last until age
  21
• The master had complete power over an apprentice

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New England

• Massachusetts required all parents to teach their
  children to read and understand the principles
  of religion.
• Massachusetts set up the first public schools, or
  schools supported by taxes.
• Evert town of over 50 families had to set up a
  school.
• The earliest schools had one room for students of
  all ages.

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Middle Colonies

• Churches and families set up private schools.
  Only wealthy families could educate their
  children.

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Southern Colonies

• Some planters hired tutors, or private teachers.
  Sons of the very wealthy went to school in
  England. Slaves were usually denied education.

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Higher Education

• Colleges sprang up for higher education such as
  Harvard, Yale, Princeton (then called the College
  of NJ), and the College of William and Mary in
  Williamsburg.

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Dame Schools

• Dame Schools-private schools run by women for
  girls

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Great Awakening
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Great Awakening

• In the 1730s and 1740s, a religious movement
  known as the Great Awakening swept through the
  colonies.
• began with powerful ministers.
• led many people to split from their old churches
  and start new ones.
• growth of so many churches forced people to be
  more tolerant of different beliefs

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Great Awakening

• New preachers argued that formal training was
  less important than a heart filled with the holy
  spirit.
• If people could learn to worship on their own,
  they could govern themselves.
• People felt freer to challenge political
  authority.

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Enlightenment

• Benjamin Franklin demonstrated the spirit of the
  Enlightenment. He used reason to invent useful
  devices and improve his world.

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Enlightenment

• City life encouraged the development of cultural
  events, such as the theater and the growth of the
  newspaper.

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Enlightenment

• The Enlightenment was a movement started in
  Europe by thinkers who applied reason and logic
  instead of superstition to understand the world.
• English philosopher John Locke wrote that people
  could gain knowledge by observing and
  experimenting. His words later on helped to
  inspire Thomas Jefferson when he wrote the
  Declaration of Independence